t-channels

1-Octanol (Octanol) 是一种饱和脂肪醇，是一种 T 型钙通道抑制剂，对天然 T 电流的IC50为 4 μM。它是一种具有类似柴油特性的极具吸引力的生物燃料。

RQ00203078是一种口服有效的TRPM8高选择性拮抗剂，对大鼠和人类TRPM8通道的IC50分别为 5.3 nM 和 8.3 nM。它对 TRPV1，TRPA1，TRPV4 或 TRPM2 通道基本没有抑制作用。

Zonisamide (AD 810) 是锌酶碳酸酐酶 (carbonic anhydrase) 的有效抑制剂，对人类线粒体同工酶 hCA II 和 hCA V 作用的 Ki 值分别为 35.2 nM 和 20.6 nM。Zonisamide 具有抗癫痫活性，在癫痫、癫痫发作和帕金森病的研究中具有价值。

Lomerizine dihydrochloride (KB-2796) 是双重 L 和 T 型电压门控钙通道拮抗剂。

Atagabalin, also known as PD 0200390, is a gabamimetic agent under development for the treatment for insomnia. Atagabalin is related to gabapentin, which similarly binds to the α2δ calcium channels (1 and 2). It was discontinued following unsatisfactory t

ICILIN (AG-3-5) 是一种有效的的瞬时受体电位 M8 (TRPM8) 离子通道激动剂。 Icilin 激活 EGTA 中的 TRPM8，该激活作用具有剂量依赖性， EC50=1.4 μM。Icilin 通过调节 T 细胞反应减轻自身免疫性神经炎症。

Mibefradil is a calcium channel blocker with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca2+ channels (IC50s: 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM for T-type and L-type currents).

Efonidipine (NZ-105) 是一种二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂，可阻断 T 型和 L 型钙通道。

UK 78282 hydrochloride，一种新型有效且具有选择性的 Kv1.3 阻滞剂。UK 78282 hydrochloride 抑制 Kv1.3 电压门控钾通道，抑制人 T 细胞活化。

Trimethadione (3,5,5,-Trimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione) 是恶唑烷二酮类抗惊厥剂，也是一种 T 型钙通道阻滞剂，具有抗痛觉过敏作用，可用于研究失神发作。

Mibefradil dihydrochloride (Ro 40-5967 (dihydrochloride)) 是一种钙离子通道抑制剂，选择性作用于 T 型 Ca2+通道，对 T 型和 L 型通道的IC50分别为 2.7 和 18.6 μM。

ML218 hydrochloride is a selective and orally active T-type Ca2+ channels (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, Cav3.3) inhibitor (Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 with IC50s of 310 nM and 270 nM , respectively).

ML218 是一种具有口服活性、选择性、高效性且可穿透血脑屏障的 T 型 Ca2+ 通道抑制剂（Cav3.2 和 Cav3.3 的 IC50 分别为 310 nM 和 270 nM）。ML218 可抑制丘脑下核（STN）神经元的突发性活动。

T16Ainh-A01 是氨基苯基噻唑，是有效的跨膜蛋白 16A 的抑制剂，抑制 TMEM16A 介导的氯离子电流，IC50约为1 µM。TMEM16A (ANO1)起钙激活氯离子通道(CaCC)的作用。

NMP-7 is a non-selective CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist that works by blocking T-type calcium channels.

Z944 是有效的 T 型钙通道拮抗剂，对跨模态和视觉识别记忆障碍有缓解作用。

N-Arachidonoyl taurine is an arachidonoyl amino acid. It is oxygenated by 12(S)- and 15(S)-lipoxygenase and is converted to 12-HETE-taurine (12-HETE-T) in murine resident peritoneal macrophages. N-Arachidonoyl taurine is an activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels TRPV1 and TRPV4 (EC50s = 28 and 21 μM, respectively). It increases calcium flux in HIT-T15 pancreatic β-cells and INS-1 rat islet cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM and increases insulin secretion from 832 13 INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. The levels of N-arachidonoyl taurine are changed in mouse brain following administration of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-THC).

5(6)-EET is a fully racemic version of the enantiomeric forms biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 enzymes. In solution, 5(6)-EET degrades into 5,6-DiHET and 5(6)-δ-lactone, which can be converted to 5(6)-DiHET and quantified by GC-MS. In neuroendocrine cells, such as the anterior pituitary and pancreatic islets, 5(6)-EET has been implicated in the mobilization of calcium and hormone secretion. 5(6)-EET is an inhibitor of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav3) that inhibits isoforms Cav3.1, Cav3.2 (IC50 = 0.54 μM), and Cav3.3 and decreases nifedipine-resistant phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in isolated mouse mesenteric arteries via Cav3.2 blockade when used at a concentration of 3 μM. In addition, it is a substrate of COX-1 and COX-2, as measured by oxygen consumption and product formation assays when used at a concentration of 50 μM. (±)5(6)-EET is provided as a mixture of the free acid and lactone.

(2R S)-6-PNG (6-Prenylnaringenin) 是新型天然组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂，具有抗癌抗肿瘤活性，可阻断T型钙通道可减轻小鼠的神经性和内脏疼痛。

Zonisamide-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of zonisamide by GC- or LC-MS. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic agent.1 It selectively inhibits the repeated firing of sodium channels (IC50 = 2 μg ml) in mouse embryo spinal cord neurons and inhibits spontaneous channel firing when used at concentrations greater than 10 μg ml.2 In rat cerebral cortex neurons, zonisamide (1-1,000 μM) inhibits T-type calcium channels with a maximum reduction of 60% of the calcium current.3 Zonisamide inhibits H. pylori recombinant carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the human CA isoforms I, II, and V with Ki values of 218, 56, 35, and 21 nM, respectively.4,5 In mice, it has anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole-induced maximal, but not minimal, seizures (ED50s = 19.6, 9.3, and >500 mg kg, respectively). Zonisamide (40 mg kg, p.o.) prevents MPTP-induced decreases in the levels of dopamine , but not homovanillic acid or dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and increases MPTP-induced decreases in the dopamine turnover rate in mouse striatum in a model of Parkinson's disease.6 Formulations containing zonisamide have been used in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. |1. Masuda, Y., Ishizaki, M., and Shimizu, M. Zonisamide: Pharmacology and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. CNS Drug Rev. 4(4), 341-360 (1998).|2. Rock, D.M., Macdonald, R.L., and Taylor, C.P. Blockade of sustained repetitive action potentials in cultured spinal cord neurons by zonisamide (AD 810, CI 912), a novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsy Res. 3(2), 138-143 (1989).|3. Suzuki, S., Kawakami, K., Nishimura, S., et al. Zonisamide blocks T-type calcium channel in cultured neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Epilepsy Res. 12(1), 21-27 (1992).|4. Nishimori, I., Vullo, D., Minakuchi, T., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated α-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16(8), 2182-2188 (2006).|5. De Simone, G., Di Fiore, A., Menchise, V., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: Solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15(9), 2315-2320 (2005).|6. Yabe, H., Choudhury, M.E., Kubo, M., et al. Zonisamide increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of mice and common marmosets treated with MPTP. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 110(1), 64-68 (2009).

Suvecaltamide (MK-8998) 是一种选择性的 T 型钙通道抑制剂。

IAA65 是一种有效的 T 型钙通道抑制剂 (T-type calcium channel)，IC50值为 18.9 μM。IAA65 可用于癫痫研究。

TTA-P1 is a highly potent compound that effectively inhibits human T-type calcium channels, which are involved in various physiological processes such as neuronal burst firing, hormone secretion, and cell growth. With its unique state-independent properties, TTA-P1 holds promising potential for advancing research on absence epilepsy [1].

TTA-P2 (T-Type calcium channel inhibitor) 是一种 T 型钙通道的有效抑制剂。TTA-P2 能够有效的穿透 CNS 并阻断小脑深部核神经元中的天然 T 型电流，完全消除野生型和突变型 Cav3.1 通道的窗口电流。TTA-P2 具有潜力进行神经疾病的研究。