internal standard

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol 是一种内标物，可用于分离和鉴定 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG) 的分子种类。

Enflurane (Efrane) 是一种挥发性麻醉剂，是 Chara australis 高电导 Ca2+ 激活的 K+ 通道的有效抑制剂。 安氟醚是通过顶空气相色谱-质谱法监测卤化挥发性麻醉剂的内标。 它可以快速调整麻醉深度，而脉搏或呼吸频率几乎没有变化。

5-Methyl-2-Hexanol (5-甲基-2-己醇) 是一种非结晶性仲醇，已作为内标物用于超声波辅助快速提取葡萄白兰地和水醇木提取物中的芳香化合物。

1,5,5-Trimethylhydantoin (TMH) 是非同位素内标化合物的一种。

2-Hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoic acid (6-Methoxysalicylic acid) 可用于动物血浆中乙酸水杨酸及其主要代谢物水杨酸含量的测定，表现出较好的抗缓解疼痛活性。

2-Ethylbutyric acid 是一种内标物，可用于粪便的 VFA 分析标准的校准方法。

Candesartan-D4是Candesartan (T1461)的氘代物，可用于同位素示踪。Candesartan是一种强效、口服活性的血管紧张素 II AT1 受体阻滞剂和 PPAR-γ 激动剂，具有持久的抗高血压作用，常在药代动力学分析中作为内标使用。

Doxepin-D3 hydrochloride 是一种氘标记、稳定同位素标记的盐酸多塞平类似物，主要用作定量分析的内标。Doxepin hydrochloride（T1540）是一种三环类抗抑郁药(TCA)和镇静剂，用于治疗抑郁、焦虑和失眠。

Fexofenadine-D6是Fexofenadine (T21390)的氘代物，可用做检测人血浆中非索非那定浓度的内标。

Antitumor agent-163 (Compound 3) 是一种用于碳酸酐酶IX (Carbonic AnhydraseIX, CAIX) 的分子靶向光动力疗法 (Molecular-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy, MT-PDT) 的光敏剂。在 540 nm 波长光照下，该化合物通过单线态氧选择性灭活 CAIX 蛋白，而对 α-微管蛋白 (α-tubulin)、β-肌动蛋白 (β-actin) 和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA) 等内参蛋白无影响。它能诱导细胞膜损伤，抑制细胞活力，A549 和 U87MG 细胞的IC50分别为 0.2 和 0.05 μM。在小鼠模型中，Antitumor agent-163 展示出抗肿瘤活性。

Iobenguane-d4 是碘苄胍 (MIBG) 的氘代四标记同位素内标，可用于生物样本(血浆、组织、尿液)中碘苄胍的准确定量检测。

N,N-Dimethyl psychosine 是Psychosine的衍生物，用作内标化合物，用于脂质提取物经碱性处理后的Psychosine定量分析。

PhIP-D3 is a deuterated internal standard for PhIP.

1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE是一种天然存在的溶血磷脂和内源性代谢物，可用于生物化学实验和药物合成研究。

(±)-5,7-Dimethyltocol is a form of tocopherol. It has similar antioxidant activity to α-tocol, but lower activity than γ-tocol, in antioxidant assays using menhaden oil or squalene as substrates. It also increases microviscosity of rat liver liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) by 70.6% when used at a molar ratio of 0.2 to PC. (±)-Dimethyltocol has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of 5,7-tocol, α- and γ-tocopherol, and α- and γ-tocopheryl quinone by HPLC.

13C15-Nivalenol is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. Nivalenol (T13797) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It is lethal to mice (LD50= 6.9 mg/kg).2Nivalenol (5,10,and 15 mg/kg)also induces thymic,splenic,and Peyer's patch cell apoptosis in mice.3

3-Acetyldeoxy Nivalenol-13C17 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 3-acetyldeoxy nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. 3-Acetyldeoxy nivalenol is a mycotoxin that has been found inF. graminearum.1

4-deoxy Nivalenol-13C15 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-deoxy nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. 4-deoxy Nivalenol (T15097) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It binds to eukaryotic ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis in mice when administered at doses ranging from 5 to 25 mg/kg. 4-deoxy Nivalenol (T15097) (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg)induces emesis in pigs and decreases feed consumption in pigs when administered at a dose of 40 ppb in the diet.2It induces lethality in mice (LD50= 46-78 mg/kg).34-deoxy Nivalenol has been found inF. graminearum-infected cereal grains such as wheat,barley,and corn.

Aflatoxin B2-13C17 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of AFB2by GC- or LC-MS. AFB2is a mycotoxin that has been found inA. terricola.1It induces hepatic autophagy and apoptosis in broiler chickens when administered at doses of 0.2,0.4,and 0.8 mg/kg.2AFB2 (0.5 and 1 mg/animal)also induces parenchymal cell hyperplasia in rats.3

Aflatoxin G1-13C17 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G1by GC- or LC-MS. Aflatoxin G1is a mycotoxin that has been found inA. terricola.1

Aflatoxin G2-13C17 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G2by GC- or LC-MS. Aflatoxin G2is a mycotoxin that has been found inAspergillus.1It is lethal to ducklings (LD50= 2.83 mg/kg)but is non-toxic to rats when administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg.2

Guanfacine-13C,15N3 is intended for us as an internal standard for the quantification of guanfacine by GC- or LC-MS. Guanfacine (T22824) is an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR)agonist with Kivalues of 93,1,380,and 3,890 nM for α2A-,α2B-,and α2C-ARs,respectively,in a radioligand binding assay.1It has EC50values of 52,288,and 602 nM for α2A-,α2B-,and α2C-ARs,respectively,for stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. It also binds to imidazoline receptor 1 (Ki= 19 nM in a radioligand binding assay).2Guanfacine (0.3-5 mg/kg)binds to adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner.3It also improves spatial working memory deficits induced by hypobaric hypoxia in rats.4Formulations containing guanfacine are used in the treatment of high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

D-Fructose-13C6 可用作通过 GC-或 LC-MS 定量 D-果糖的内标。

2-deoxy-D-Glucose-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by GC- or LC-MS. 2-deoxy-D-Glucose (T6742) is a glucose antimetabolite and an inhibitor of glycolysis. It inhibits hexokinase,the enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate,as well as phosphoglucose isomerase,the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.