antimicrobial agent-4

Antimicrobial agent-4 (compound 6a) 是一种有效的抗微生物剂 (antimicrobial)，对微生物病原体具有极高的活性。Antimicrobial agent-4 具有可靠的毒性，能够杀死细菌和真菌。Antimicrobial agent-4 对靶酶表现出较高的结合能力，为 10.0 kcal/mol。

Antimicrobial agent-40 对真菌、革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌具有抗菌活性。此外，Antimicrobial agent-40 对 MCF-7 细胞表现出显著的抗癌活性，其细胞毒性 IC50 为 33.52 μM。

Antimicrobial agent-42 (Compound 6j) 是一种抗菌剂。它与 ALS3 蛋白中的关键氨基酸（如 Lys59 和 Ser170）相互作用，这些氨基酸对宿主肽的结合至关重要。该化合物显著抑制白色念珠菌 (Candida albicans) 生物膜的形成，并减少浮游细胞聚集和菌丝的形成，显示出抗真菌活性，具有用于真菌感染研究的潜力。

Antimicrobial agent-45 (Compound 16) 是一种广谱抗菌剂，对Cr. neoformans、S. aureus、MRSA和My. intracellulare的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为9.25、74.04、74.04和74.04 μM。Antimicrobial agent-45 可用于隐球菌感染的研究。

Antimicrobial agent-44 (Compound 7C) 是一种抗菌剂。

Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) 具有抗菌、抗氧化作用，有选择性和敏感性的荧光特性，广泛用作食品添加剂。它对 HSV-1，水泡性口炎病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒有显著的抗病毒作用。

Wnt pathway inhibitor 4 是一种小分子抗菌剂，具有抗菌和抗癌细胞增殖活性。

Antimicrobial agent-34（compound 4h）是一种高效抗菌剂，其MIC值为1-4 μg/mL，clogP为9.14。该化合物在血浆中展示出优异的稳定性，其HC50值为131.1 μg/mL，并且具有出色的膜选择性（HC50/MIC比值为65.6），能够迅速杀灭细菌。Antimicrobial agent-34的抗菌机制涉及破坏细菌的细胞膜完整性，增加细胞内活性氧的生成，以及导致蛋白质和DNA的泄漏，最终引致细菌死亡。在金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC43300引起的小鼠败血症模型中，Antimicrobial agent-34表现出显著的体内抗菌效果。

4-Glycidyloxycarbazole (compound 8) 是抗菌剂，能够破坏细菌生物膜的形成。

Antibacterialagent 273 (Compound 15e) 是一种抗菌剂，通过破坏细菌细胞膜对细菌起作用，针对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 为 4 μg/mL。该化合物可导致细胞内核酸和蛋白质的泄漏，抑制代谢活性，并诱导细菌内活性氧 (ROS) 的积累。Antibacterialagent 273 可用于研究由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染性疾病。

4-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol是一种天然酚类有机产物，常见于从各种芳香植物和香料中提取的精油内。4-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol是知名化合物百里香酚的结构异构体，兼具调味剂、广谱抗菌剂以及某些瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 离子通道的药理学激活剂等多种功能。

Antibacterialagent 212 (Compound 162) 是口服活性强且具优良药代动力学性质的抗菌剂，对铜绿假单胞菌 T-2022-D2-048 的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 为 4 μg/mL。

N-Heptyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (p-Oxybenzoesaureheptylester) 是一种抗菌剂，能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌，其最低抑菌浓度为 12.5 μg/mL。同时，N-Heptyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 对植物病原真菌表现出显著活性，例如芸苔链格孢菌 (Alternaria brassicicola)、茄病镰刀菌 (F. solani)、赤霉病菌 (C. dematium) 及尖孢镰刀菌 (C. acutatum)。

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.[1] This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production.[2] Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling systems to inhibit pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases.[3] AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family.[4] C16-HSL is one of a number of lipophilic, long acyl side-chain bearing AHLs, including its monounsaturated analog C16:1-(L)-HSL, produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI involved in quorum-sensing signaling in S. meliloti, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of certain legumes.[5],[6] C16-HSL is the most abundant AHL produced by the proteobacterium R. capsulatus and activates genetic exchange between R. capsulatus cells.[7] N-Hexadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in relatively lipophilic cellular environments of bacteria and cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane. The long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones may be exported from cells by efflux pumps or may be transported between communicating cells by way of extracellular outer membrane vesicles.[8],[9]Reference:[1]. González, J.E., and Keshavan, N.D. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70(4), 859-875 (2006).[2]. Gould, T.A., Herman, J., Krank, J., et al. Specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone syntheses examined by mass spectrometry Journal of Bacteriology 188(2), 773-783 (2006).[3]. Cegelski, L., Marshall, G.R., Eldridge, G.R., et al. The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies Nature Reviews.Microbiology 6(1), 17-27 (2008).[4]. Penalver, C.G.N., Morin, D., Cantet, F., et al. Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 produces a novel type of acyl-homoserine lactone with a double unsaturated side chain under methylotrophic growth conditions FEBS Letters 580, 561-567 (2006).[5]. Gao, M., Chen, H., Eberhard, A., et al. sinI- and expR-dependent quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti Journal of Bacteriology 187(23), 7931-7944 (2005).[6]. Teplitski, M., Eberhard, A., Gronquist, M.R., et al. Chemical identification of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti strains in defined medium Archives of Microbiology 180, 494-497 (2003).[7]. Schaefer, A.L., Taylor, T.A., Beatty, J.T., et al. Long-chain acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing regulation of Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent production Journal of Bacteriology 184(23), 6515-6521 (2002).[8]. Pearson, J.P., Van Delden, C., and Iglewski, B.H. Active efflux and diffusion are involved in transport of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-to-cell signals Journal of Bacteriology 181(4), 1203-1210 (1999).[9]. Mashburn-Warren, L., and Whiteley, M. Special delivery: Vesicle trafficking in prokaryotes Molecular Microbiology 61(4), 839-846 (2006).

Complestatin is a compound extracted from Streptomyces lavendulae mycelia; on acid hydrolysis yields D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine & D-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycine & acidic chromophore; inhibits gp120-CD4 binding. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces and has anti-HIV-1 activity. It has a role as a metabolite, an antimicrobial agent and an anti-HIV-1 agent.

Chlorhexidine-D8 hydrochloride is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of chlorhexidine by GC- or LC-MS. Chlorhexidine is a bis (biguanide)antimicrobial disinfectant and antiseptic agent. It inhibits growth of clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (MIC90 = 4 μg/ml). It is also active against canine isolates of MRSA,methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA),methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP),and methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP; MIC90s = 4,2,2,and 1 mg/L,respectively). Chlorhexidine inhibits growth of E. faecium strains (MICs = 1.2-19.6 μg/ml)and C. albicans (MIC = 5.15 μg/ml). It generates cations that bind to and destabilize the bacterial cell wall to induce death.6 Chlorhexidine also completely inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)and MMP-9 when used at concentrations of 0.0001 and 0.002%,respectively,in a gelatin degradation assay. Formulations containing chlorhexidine have been used in antisept......

Antimicrobial agent-5 是一种强效抗菌剂，对革兰氏阳性菌/阴性菌展示出良好的细胞选择性。通过阻断LPS与CD14/TLR4受体之间的交互作用，Antimicrobial agent-5 显示出抗炎活性并能缓解LPS引发的炎症反应。

Antimicrobial agent-6 是一种抗菌剂 (antimicrobial)，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的 MIC 范围为 4-8 μg/mL。Antimicrobial agent-6 也具有抗炎活性。

Poly(I:C):Kanamycin (1:1) sodium是一种复合物。Poly(I:C)是一种合成的双链RNA类似物和一种TLR3与RIG-I/MDA5激动剂，能够增强免疫并促进癌细胞凋亡。Kanamycin是一种对革兰氏阴性和阳性细菌都有效的抗菌药物，能够结合70S核糖体亚基。

Antimicrobial agent-9 (Compound 16) 作为一种抗菌剂，其对革兰氏阳性及革兰氏阴性细菌表现出2-8 μg/mL的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。此外，Antimicrobial agent-9 还展现了抗炎活性。

Antimicrobial agent-27 (compound 4)，一种齐墩烷型三萜酰化衍生物，源自匙羹藤 (Gymnema sylvestre) 的分离提取。

NDM-1 inhibitor-4（compound 27）作为一种有效的NDM-1抑制剂，展现出Ki值为1.7 μM的抑制活性，并具备抗菌能力。

Antibiofilm agent-9 (Compound 4) 是一种吡咯霉素衍生物，具有显著的抗菌和抗生物膜活性。该化合物能有效抑制Bacillus anthracis，其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.031 μg/mL。此外，Antibiofilm agent-9 在含8.0 μg/mL浓度下，24小时内生物膜抑制率可达84%。在小鼠模型中，此化合物也展示了优良的药代动力学特性。

Quorum sensing-IN-7 (compound HSL 4) 作为一种群体感应 (QS) 抑制剂,具有显著的效果.该化合物通过与 CviR 蛋白的结合口袋中的 Leu 72 和 Gln 95 相互作用,显示出其活性.此外,Quorum sensing-IN-7 作为抗菌剂,在 0.25-1 mg/mL 的浓度范围内,能有效抑制 C. violaceum 中的高丝氨酸内酯 (HSLs) 以及生物膜的形成.