a-2-pi

AC-55541 (AOB2796) 是高选择性的蛋白酶激活受体 2(PAR2)激动剂，pEC50为6.7。它在 PI 水解测定和 Ca2+动态测定中的pEC50值为 5.9 和 6.6，在体内表现出伤害感受器活性。

LY367385 hydrochloride 是一种高效且选择性的mGluR1a 拮抗剂，抑制喹喹啉诱导的磷酸肌醇水解的IC50值为 8.8 μM，而对 mGlu5a 的IC50值大于 100 μM。LY367385 hydrochloride 具有神经保护，抗惊厥和抗癫痫作用。

Tipranavir 是一种蛋白酶抑制剂，对1种以上蛋白酶抑制剂耐药的HIV-1具有抑制作用 。Tipranavir 可有效抑制 HIV-1 蛋白酶 酶活性和二聚化，对抗多种蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)的HIV-1分离株具有有效的活性（IC50 为 66-410 nM）。Tipranavir 对SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro 活性有抑制作用。

The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphates represent a small percentage of total membrane phospholipids. However, they play a critical role in the generation and transmission of cellular signals. PtdIns-(1,2-dioctanoyl) is a synthetic analog of natural phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) containing C8:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The compound features the same inositol and diacyl glycerol (DAG) stereochemistry as that of the natural compound. The short fatty acid chains of this analog, compared to naturally-occurring PtdIns, gives it different physical properties including high solubility in aqueous media. PtdIns are phosphorylated to mono- (PtdIns-P; PIP), di- (PtdIns-P2; PIP2), and triphosphates (PtdIns-P3; PIP3). Hydrolysis of PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 by phosphoinositide (PI)-specific phospholipase C generates inositol triphosphate (IP3) and DAG which are key second messengers in an intricate biochemical signal transduction cascade.

MHY219 is a novel HDAC inhibitor. MHY219 induces apoptosis via up-regulation of androgen receptor expression in human prostate cancer cells. MHY219 was shown to enhance the cytotoxicity on DU145 cells (IC50, 0.36 μM) when compared with LNCaP (IC50, 0.97 μM) and PC3 cells (IC50, 5.12 μM). MHY219 showed a potent inhibition of total HDAC activity when compared with SAHA. MHY219 increased histone H3 hyperacetylation and reduced the expression of class I HDACs (1, 2 and 3) in prostate cancer cells. MHY219 effectively increased the sub-G1 fraction of cells through p21 and p27 dependent pathways in DU145 cells. MHY219 significantly induced a G2 M phase arrest in DU145 and PC3 cells and arrested the cell cycle at G0 G1 phase in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, MHY219 effectively increased apoptosis in DU145 and LNCaP cells, but not PC3 cells, according to Annexin V PI staining and Western blot analysis. These results indicate that MHY219 is a potent HDAC inhibitor that targets regulating mu......

The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphates represent a small percentage of total membrane phospholipids. However, they play a critical role in the generation and transmission of cellular signals. PtdIns-(3)-P1 (1,2-dioctanoyl) is a synthetic analog of natural PtdIns featuring C8:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The compound features the same inositol and DAG stereochemistry as the natural compound. PtdIns-(3)-P1 can be phosphorylated to di- (PtdIns-P2; PIP2) and triphosphates (PtdIns-P3; PIP3) by phosphatidyl inositol (PI)-specific kinases.

The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphates represent a small percentage of total membrane phospholipids. However, they play a critical role in the generation and transmission of cellular signals. PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3, also known as PIP3, is resistant to cleavage by PI-specific phospholipase C (PLC). Thus, it is likely to function in signal transduction as a modulator in its own right, rather than as a source of inositol tetraphosphates. PIP3 can serve as an anchor for the binding of signal transduction proteins bearing pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Protein binding to PIP3 is important for cytoskeletal rearrangement and membrane trafficking. PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3 (1,2-dihexanoyl) is a synthetic analog of natural PIP3 with C6:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The compound features the same inositol and diacylglycerol (DAG) stereochemistry as that of the natural compound. The short fatty acid chains of this analog give it different physical properties from naturally-occurring PIP3, including higher solubility in aqueous media.

Phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-P2(1,2-dipalmitoyl), a synthetic analog of natural phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) with C16:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, maintains the inositol and diacylglycerol (DAG) stereochemistry of its natural counterpart. Although phosphatidylinositol phosphates constitute a minor fraction of total membrane phospholipids, they are pivotal in initiating and propagating cellular signals. This compound mirrors the activity of the natural phosphatidylinositol produced by PtdIns-4-phosphate 5-kinase's action on PtdIns-(4)-P1. Its hydrolysis by phosphoinositide (PI)-specific phospholipase C yields inositol triphosphate (IP3) and DAG, crucial secondary messengers in a complex signal transduction pathway.

PI-103 是一种 PI3K 和 mTOR 抑制剂，抑制 p110α、p110β、p110δ、p110γ、mTORC1和 mTORC2，IC50分别为 8 nM、88 nM、48 nM、150 nM、20 nM 和 83 nM。它可诱导自噬，还抑制 DNA-PK，IC50为 2 nM。

PI-55 (6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylamino)purine) 是一种类细胞分裂素受体抑制剂，其结构与6-苄基氨基嘌呤 (BAP) 相似。它与BAP 竞争性地抑制特定的拟南芥受体CRE1 AHK4以及AHK3上的结合。此外，PI-55有效地抑制由细胞分裂素引起的吸器形成，并增强了寄生体的侵略性 [1]。

(Rac)-Z-Phe-Phe-FMK (Cathepsin L-IN-2) 是一种 cathepsin L 抑制剂，抑制 β-淀粉样蛋白诱导凋亡变化的倾向 。(Rac)-Z-Phe-Phe-FMK 通过 siRNA 敲低 LC3B 表达可抑制 PI 诱导的 IkappaBalpha 降解。

PI3-Kinase α Inhibitor 2 (hydrochloride) 是一种 PI3-Kinase α 抑制剂。

The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphates represent a small percentage of total membrane phospholipids. However, they play a critical role in the generation and transmission of cellular signals. PtdIns-(4)-P1 (1,2-dioctanoyl) is a synthetic analog of natural phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) featuring C8:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. The compound contains the same inositol and diacylglycerol (DAG) stereochemistry as the natural compound. PtdIns-(4)-P1 can be phosphorylated to di- (PtdIns-P2; PIP2) and triphosphates (PtdIns-P3; PIP3). Hydrolysis of PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 by phosphoinositide (PI)-specific phospholipase C generates inositol triphosphate (IP3) and DAG which are key second messengers in an intricate biochemical signal transduction cascade.

PI-103 Hydrochloride 是一种有效的PI3K 和mTOR 双重抑制剂，抑制p110α，p110β，p110δ，p110γ，mTORC1和mTORC2，IC50分别为 8 nM，88 nM，48 nM，150 nM，20 nM 和 83 nM。PI-103 Hydrochloride 也可抑制DNA-PK，IC50为 2 nM。PI-103 Hydrochloride 诱导细胞自噬 (autophagy)。

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalyzes the phosphorylation of the 3' hydroxyl position of PIs to produce the second messengers PtdIns-(3,4)-P2 and PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3. PI3Kα, β, and δ are class 1A enzymes composed of p110 and p85 subunits, whereas PI3Kγ is a class 1B PI3K composed of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p101 or p84 regulatory subunit. PI3Kα inhibitor 2 is a selective inhibitor of PI3Kα with IC50 values of 2, 16, 660, and 220 nM for the α, β, γ, and 2Cβ isoforms, respectively. It inhibits PKA, KDR, PKCα, and cyclin E Cdk2 significantly less effectively (IC50 = 91, 3.4, 466, and 28 μM, respectively). PI3Kα inhibitor 2 inhibits A375 melanoma cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 580 nM.