Upon dosing the Ledaborbactam etzadroxil (VNRX-7145) in mice, dogs, and monkeys, Ledaborbactam etzadroxil (5-10 mg/kg) demonstrates the most consistent oral bioavailability across species (F = 61-82%)[1]. In intestinal S9, Ledaborbactam etzadroxil is rapidly cleaved with short half-lives in all species with the exception of beagle dogs. The half-life in human plasma is short at about 11 min, which is closer to what was observed in the rodent species compared to the longer half-lives in dogs (43.9 min) and monkeys (22.0 min)[1]. In vivo efficacy is demonstrated in a lethal murine septicemia model by dosing Ledaborbactam etzadroxil (orally) with Ceftibuten. The ED 50 value of 12.9 mg/kg[1].