photosystem ii

Hexazinone 是一种三嗪家族的非选择性除草剂。它能够同光系统 II 电子传递链的 D-1 醌蛋白结合，抑制光合作用的发生。

Hexazinone 是三嗪家族的广谱除草剂。 Hexazinone 通过与光系统 II 中电子传递链的 D-1 醌蛋白结合来抑制光合作用。

Metribuzin（4-氨基-6-叔丁基-3-甲硫基-均三嗪-5(4H)-酮）是一种选择性三嗪酮类除草剂，适用于大豆、马铃薯、番茄和甘蔗等多种作物的芽前和芽后杂草防治。Metribuzin通过破坏光系统II（photosystem II）内的电子传递链来抑制光合作用过程，Metribuzin的广泛使用已导致其成为地下水源中常被检出的持久性环境污染物。

Amicarbazone (BAY-MKH3586; BAY314666) is a potent PSII inhibitor, disrupting photosynthetic electron transport by binding to the Qb domain of photosystem II. This broad-spectrum herbicide is effective through foliar and root application, showcasing rapid absorption and translocation. However, its effectiveness can be compromised by common PSII inhibitor resistance. With an IC50 value indicating high potency, amicarbazone leads to chlorosis, stunted growth, tissue necrosis, and death in sensitive plants. Despite these severe effects, it exhibits good selectivity and outperforms atrazine as a herbicide, allowing for its application at lower doses compared to traditional photosynthetic inhibitors.

Tenuazonic acid is a putative nonhost-selective mycotoxin isolated from Alternaria alternate. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond primary quinone acceptor (QA) by interacting with D1 protein and it is a broad-spectrum and effective photosyste

Dimidazon (BAS 29095) 是一种针对光合系统 II (PSII) 的弱电子传递抑制剂，它能阻碍 PSII 中电子从初级电子受体 Q 向光合系统 I 的传递。Dimidazon 有潜力在光合作用调控和杂草防除研究中得到应用。

Linuron（一种取代苯脲类除草剂）主要通过抑制光系统II来破坏光合作用过程。此外，它还可作为雄激素受体拮抗剂，表现出内分泌干扰效应和生殖毒性。母体接触Linuron会在全基因组水平上改变雄性后代的睾丸发育，并显著改变睾酮合成相关关键基因（包括Star、P450scc、3β-Hsd、Abp、Cox7a2、Pcna、p450c17和17β-Hsd）的表达。

Antimalarial agent 17是一种有效的抗疟剂和除草剂，也是一种photosystem II抑制剂，具有出苗后除草活性。

Siderin作为一种Photosystem II抑制剂，有效地阻断了离体菠菜光合过程中ATP的合成及叶绿体电子传递，因此被用于植物光合作用的研究。

Spermidine-d8(hydrochloride)是Spermidine trihydrochloride的氘代物。Spermidine hydrochloride能维持细胞膜稳定性，增强抗氧化酶活性，改善光系统II (PSII)及相关基因表达，还显著降低H2O2和O2.-的含量。

Spermidine-13C4 (hydrochloride) 是一种13C 标记的 Spermidine (trihydrochloride)。Spermidine hydrochloride 能维持细胞膜的稳定性，增强抗氧化酶的活性，并改善光系统 II (PSII) 以及相关基因的表达。此外，Spermidine hydrochloride 还能显著降低 H2O2 和 O2.- 的含量。

Amicarbazone (Standard) is the standard substance of Amicarbazone, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Amicarbazone (BAY-MKH3586; BAY314666) is a potent PSII inhibitor, disrupting photosynthetic electron transport by binding to the Qb domain of photosystem II. This broad-spectrum herbicide is effective through foliar and root application, showcasing rapid absorption and translocation. However, its effectiveness can be compromised by common PSII inhibitor resistance. With an IC50 value indicating high potency, amicarbazone leads to chlorosis, stunted growth, tissue necrosis, and death in sensitive plants. Despite these severe effects, it exhibits good selectivity and outperforms atrazine as a herbicide, allowing for its application at lower doses compared to traditional photosynthetic inhibitors.

Diatoxanthin 是一种源自藻类F. pinnata细胞的细胞色素和藻黄素副产物。Diatoxanthin 可作为生物标志物，用于评估杀生物剂 (biocides) 对硅藻光系统II (PSII) 的抑制作用。

Cabraleadiol displays antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it also is weakly cytotoxic to a breast cancer (BC) cell line. Cabraleadiol inhibits photosystem II (PS II) and induces the appearance of small G band which is related wi

Encecalin and demethylencecalin are major phytotoxic compounds isolated from Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook) A Gray (Asteraceae), they inhibit photosystem II (from water to 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-1,4 p-benzo-quinone).They retard seed germinati

Stigmatellin 是一种从粘细菌细胞质中提取的抗生素，具备针对酵母菌、丝状真菌和部分革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌活性。此外，Stigmatellin 是一种有效的光合作用电子传输抑制剂。其作用机制涉及抑制以各类糖类、多糖及柠檬酸循环中的酸为底物的RNA和蛋白质合成。Stigmatellin 在光系统II的还原侧和细胞色素b6/f复合体中具有两个抑制位点。该化合物在抗微生物及光合作用研究领域显示出潜在的应用价值。

Spirulina C-phycocyanin 是一种螺旋藻中显著的色素蛋白，是光系统 II 中光捕获藻胆体复合物的组成部分。Spirulina C-phycocyanin 具有多种作用，如抗氧化、抗炎、抗血小板、保护肝脏和降低胆固醇。其可以通过 Raman spectral measurement 进行检测。

Chlorophyll b 是一种口服活性的四吡咯衍生物和色素，可从植物、藻类等光合生物中提取。它作为氢供体，能够提升Glutathione水平，且具备抗氧化活性。在光系统 II 中，Chlorophyll b 能功能性替代叶绿素 a 参与光合作用，并减少Cisplatin引起的DNA损伤、染色体不稳定性和氧化应激。Chlorophyll b 主要用于研究植物光合作用机制。