phosphatases

Suramin Sodium Salt (BAY-205) 是可逆的竞争性蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂。它抑制 IP5K，是抗寄生虫，抗肿瘤和抗血管生成剂。它是sirtuins 的有效抑制剂，也是 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶抑制剂。

PD 198306 是一种具有抗痛觉过敏作用的 MAPK ERK 激酶 (MEK) 选择性抑制剂。 PD 198306 可降低链脲佐菌素诱导的活性 ERK1 水平升高。

Pentamidine dihydrochloride (MP-601205 dihydrochloride) 是一种抗微生物剂，会干扰 DNA 的生物合成。它是选择性蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶和再生肝磷酸酶抑制剂。它可用于冈比亚锥虫病，抗锑利什曼病和卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的研究，有抗肿瘤活性，抗菌活性。

(Rac)-RK-682 是 RK-682 的外消旋体。(Rac)-RK-682 是一种蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶 (PTPases) 抑制剂。(Rac)-RK-682 抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶 1B (PTP-1B)、低分子量蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶 (LMW-PTP)、细胞分裂周期 25B (CDC-25B)，IC50分别为 8.6 μM、12.4 μM 和 0.7 μM。

Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) 是一种有效的胰岛素增敏剂，也是一种有效的、竞争性的、可逆的、口服具有活性的光谱蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶 (PTP) 抑制剂。它抑制HCPTPA，PTP1B，HPTPβ和SHP2的IC50分别为 126 nM，109 nM，26 nM 和 201 nM。

Tyrphostin 8(4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile) 是一种有效的 GTP 酶抑制剂，对 EGFR 激酶有抑制作用， IC50 值为 560 μM。Tyrphostin 8 可抑制蛋白丝氨酸 苏氨酸钙调磷酸酶 (IC50=21 μM)，增强 Caco-2 细胞中转铁蛋白受体介导的转吞作用，并增加口服胰岛素 - 转铁蛋白的降血糖作用。

2-Bromo-4'-hydroxyacetophenone(PTP Inhibitor I) 是一种PTP1B 的有效抑制剂，其Ki=42 μM。

2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoa 是一种蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶的抑制剂，蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶可以导致细胞信号通路的变化，从而影响细胞的行为。

Salubrinal 是一种磷酸酶抑制剂 ，对真核翻译起始因子 2 亚基 (eIF2α) 发挥作用。它作为双特异性磷酸酶 2 抑制剂，抑制抗胶原蛋白抗体诱导的关节炎。它具有抗HSV-1病毒的活性，并抑制由HSV-1蛋白 ICP34.5 介导的eIF2α的去磷酸化。

BCI ((E)-BCI) 是双重特异性磷酸酶的变构抑制剂。它特异性抑制 DUSP6和 DUSP1的 EC50分别为 13.3 和 8.0 μM，但不能够抑制 DUSP5。

Fosmanogepix (APX001) is a first-in-class, orally available broad-spectrum antifungal agent. It acts as an N-phosphonooxymethyl prodrug that undergoes rapid and complete metabolism by systemic alkaline phosphatases. This metabolism leads to the formation of the active moiety, APX001A. Fosmanogepix (APX001), with its ability to target the highly conserved Gwt1 fungal enzyme, holds great potential for the development of treatments against invasive fungal infections.

Tautomycin is a potent and specific protein phosphatases 1 and 2A inhibitor (Kiapp of 0.16 nM and 0.4 nM for PP1 and PP2A, respectively), and is an antifungal antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillatus.

NSC-87877 是一种Shp2和Shp1蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂，IC50值分别为0.318 μM 和0.355 μM。它还抑制双特异性磷酸酶26。

bpV(bipy) hydrate 是一种能有效抑制磷酸肌醇 3-磷酸酶 (PTEN) 及蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶PTP-β和PTP-1B的化合物，其IC50分别为18、60.3和164 nM。

DiFMUP (6,8-Difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate) 是一种荧光底物，抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTPs），可用于检测苏氨酸磷酸酶的活性。

MurA-IN-1 (compound 1a) is a PTPRR inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.23 μM, 0.8 μM, 0.75 μM and 0.09 μM for PTP1B, PTPN5, PTPN7 and PTPRR, respectively[1]. (A family of human MAPK-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases) [1]. Jeyanthy Eswaran, et al. Crystal structures and inhibitor identification for PTPN5, PTPRR and PTPN7: a family of human MAPK-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases. Biochem J. 2006 May 1;395(3):483-91.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) remove phosphate from tyrosine residues of cellular proteins. Reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by the coordinated actions of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases is key to the regulation of the signaling events that control cell growth and proliferation, differentiation, and survival or apoptosis, as well as adhesion and motility. RK-682, a bioactive compound originally isolated from the fermentation of Streptomyces sp. 88-682, is an inhibitor of the PTPs. It inhibits the phosphorylation of CD45 and VHR with IC50 values of 54 and 2 μM, respectively, and arrests cell cycle progress at the G1/S transition. It is also reported to inhibit heparanase (IC50 = 17 μM), an endo-β-D-glucuronidase involved in tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis. RK-682 (calcium salt) is a less soluble version of the free acid.

Chrysophanol triglucoside is an anthraquinone isolated from Cassia obtusifolia , inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase with IC 50 s of 80.17 and 197.06 μM, respectively. Chrysophanol triglucoside has the potential for diabetes research.

Okadaic acid ammonium salt, a marine toxin, serves as an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP), displaying a higher affinity for PP2A (IC 50 =0.1-0.3 nM) alongside inhibitory effects on PP1 (IC 50 =15-50 nM), PP3 (IC 50 =3.7-4 nM), PP4 (IC 50 =0.1 nM), and PP5 (IC 50 =3.5 nM), but does not affect PP2C. By inhibiting PPs, this compound promotes protein phosphorylation and acts as a tumor promoter. Additionally, it is involved in inducing tau phosphorylation.

PTPN22-IN-1 is a potent PTPN22 inhibitor ( IC 50 =1.4 μM; K i =0.50 μM). PTPN22-IN-1 exhibits >7-10 fold selectivity for PTPN22 over similar phosphatases. PTPN22-IN-1 augments antitumor immune responses. From WO2021007491A1 compound L-1.

3,5-Difluoro-L-tyrosine is a functional and tyrosinase-resistant mimic of tyrosine, commonly utilized for evaluating the substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs).

MLS-0437605 is a potent and selective inhibitor of dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), with an IC50 of 3.7 μM. It exhibits higher selectivity towards DUSP3 in comparison to DUSP22 and other protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs).

NAZ2329 是受体型蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶 (RPTPs) R5 亚家族的一个细胞可渗透抑制剂，与其他 PTPs 相比，其变构且能够优先抑制 PTPRZ (hPTPRZ1 的IC50= 7.5 μM) 和PTPRG (hPTPRGIC50= 4.8 μM)。NAZ2329 能够与PTPRZ 的 D1结构域结合，与PTPRZ 整个 (D1 + D2) 片段相比，其能够更有效地抑制 PTPRZ1-D1片段 (IC50: 1.1 μM)。NAZ2329 能够抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞的肿瘤生长，并表现出抑制干细胞样特性。

Fostriecin (free base) is an inhibitor of the serine threonine protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) and 4 (PP4) (IC50s = 3.2 and 3 nM, respectively). It less effectively inhibits topoisomerase II and PP1 (IC50s = 40 and 131 μM, respectively) and does not inhibit PP2B. Through its effects on protein phosphatases, fostriecin increases the level of histone H3 phosphorylation and may alter epigenetic regulation of cell proliferation. On a related note, fostriecin was first identified as an antitumor antibiotic.