KKL-40 是一种小分子抑制剂,专门针对反式转录过程,能够有效抑制甲氧西林敏感和耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌 (S. aureus),以及包括耐万古霉素的屎肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和化脓性链球菌在内的其他革兰氏阳性病原体。KKL-40 与人类抗菌肽 LL-37 协同作用可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌,但与达托霉素、卡那霉素或红霉素等其他抗生素之间没有协同效应。反式转录是一种极端的重新编码形式,KKL-40 能抑制该过程,同时对 HeLa 细胞无毒。
CAY10711 is a substituted diamine that produces rapid bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and stationary-phase bacteria. It displays MIC99 values of 2.9, 11.5, 2.9, and 2.9 μM against S. aureus RN4220, P. aeruginosa PAO1, E. coli ANS1, and MRSA 10082B, respectively. CAY10711 reduces biofilm formation and promotes biofilm dispersal in P. aeruginosa. It is synergistic with kanamycin and has limited adverse effects against mammalian cells or C. elegans development, survival, or reproduction.
Paromomycin (Sulfate Salt) is an aminoglycoside that is active against Gram-negative and many Gram-positive bacteria as well as some protozoa and cestodes. Paromomycin in combination with sodium stibogluconate has proven to be effective in African and Indian VL (visceral leishmaniasis) and improves survival in African VL[3]. PS (Paromomycin Sulfate) is effective for elimination of B. coli without hematological side effects[4]. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase was slightly inhibited by 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were not inhibited[5]. In addition, with regard to correlation of endotoxemia with renal impairment, endogenous creatinine clearance and p-aminohippurate clearance were significantly improved (P less than 0.02) in those patients whose endotoxemia disappeared on paromomycin sulfate administration. Paromomycin sulfate seems to be effective in the prevention of endotoxemia and the associated renal impairment in cirrhosis in man[6]. Significantly higher frequencies of resistance to paromomycin, kanamycin, neomycin and tobramycin were observed in S. aureus isolates from PS (paromomycin supplemented) birds. Paromomycin supplementation resulted in resistance to aminoglycosides in bacteria of PS turkeys. Co-selection for resistance to other antimicrobial agents was observed in E. coli isolates[7].