gene repair

CDK12-IN-8（Compound Cpd143）是一种口服活性高且选择性强的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 12（CDK12）抑制剂。通过抑制 CDK12 对 RNA 聚合酶 II C 端结构域（CTD）丝氨酸 2 的磷酸化，该化合物干扰基因转录的延伸以及 DNA 损伤修复途径。CDK12-IN-8 适用于研究CDK12高表达的癌症，例如小细胞肺癌和三阴性乳腺癌。

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

Phosphoramide mustard cyclohexanamine（磷酰胺氮芥环己胺盐）是cyclophosphamide的活性代谢物，是一种交联DNA链的烷基化剂，组织细胞分裂并导致细胞死亡，具有抗肿瘤活性。

The prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) is one of four G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 . Binding of PGE2 to the EP4 receptor causes an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which plays important roles in bone formation and resorption, cancer, and atherosclerosis. KMN-80 is a substituted γ-lactam (pyrrolidinone) derivative of PGE1 that acts as a selective and potent agonist of EP4 with an IC50 value of 3 nM (IC50 = 1.4 μM for EP3 and > 10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors). In functional assays it has been shown to stimulate secreted alkaline phosphatase gene reporter activity in EP4-transfected HEK293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.19 nM, demonstrating >5,000 and 50,000-fold selectivity against EP2 and TP, respectively. KMN-80 can induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells from both young and aged rats into osteoblasts in vitro (EC50s = 20 and 153 nM, respectively) and exhibits favorable tolerability up to at least 10 μM, whereas the EP4 agonist L-902,688 is highly cytotoxic at similar concentrations in these cells. KMN-80 has been used to repair calvarial defects in an in vivo rat craniomaxillofacial reconstruction model (rate of reduction in defect size equivalent to BMP-2 treated rats) and to promote bone formation in a rat incisor tooth socket model.

IBS008738, a potent TAZ activator, stabilizes TAZ, elevates the unphosphorylated TAZ level, enhances the interaction of MyoD with the myogenin promoter, upregulates gene transcription regulated by MyoD, and competes with myostatin in C2C12 cells. Additionally, IBS008738 promotes myogenesis in C2C12 cells and facilitates muscle repair in a model of muscle injury.

MFH290 is a novel cysteine (Cys)-directed covalent inhibitor of CDK12 13. MFH290 forms a covalent bond with Cys-1039 of CDK12, exhibits excellent kinome selectivity, inhibits the phosphorylation of serine-2 in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA-polymerase II (Pol II), and reduces the expression of key DNA damage repair genes. Importantly, these effects were demonstrated to be CDK12-dependent as mutation of Cys-1039 rendered the kinase refractory to MFH290 and restored Pol II CTD phosphorylation and DNA damage repair gene expression. Consistent with its effect on DNA damage repair gene expression, MFH290 augments the antiproliferative effect of the PARP inhibitor olaparib.

PRMT5-IN-28（化合物36）是一种PRMT5抑制剂，能够调控包含基因转录、mRNA剪接、DNA修复、蛋白质定位、细胞命运和信号传导等过程的蛋白质精氨酸甲基化。PRMT5的异常活性与癌症细胞的增殖、抗凋亡、侵袭转移能力增强及免疫逃逸机制的影响相关。

UNC9512是一种针对甲基赖氨酸读取器p53结合蛋白1 (53BP1) 的有效拮抗剂, 适用于探究53BP1在DNA修复、基因编辑及肿瘤发生等生物学过程的功能。

CBP p300 ligand 3 是一种CBPD-268的靶蛋白配体。CBP和p300是发挥组蛋白乙酰转移酶 (histone acetyltransferase, HAT) 活性的重要蛋白质，在基因表达调控、细胞增殖、分化以及DNA修复等生物过程中至关重要。通过其乙酰转移酶活性，这些蛋白对组蛋白及其他蛋白质进行乙酰化修饰，从而影响染色质结构及基因表达。CBP p300 ligand 3 通过与CBP p300蛋白的特定结构域（如溴结构域或HAT结构域）结合，抑制其酶活性或改变其与其他蛋白质（如转录因子）的相互作用，进而调节CBP p300的功能。CBP p300 ligand 3 可用于研究与CBP p300功能异常相关的疾病模型，包括癌症和神经退行性疾病。