Palosuran exhibits a range of pharmacological activities. It acts as an antagonist at the urotensin 2 receptor in both rat urotensin 2 receptor-expressing CHOK1 cells and human RMS13 cells, inhibiting urotensin 2-induced intracellular calcium mobilization with IC50 values greater than 75000.0 nM and 320.0 nM, respectively. Additionally, it displaces [125I]urotensin 2 from the receptor with a Ki value of 41.0 nM.
When evaluated at the recombinant human urotensin 2 receptor, Palosuran inhibits urotensin 2-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization with an IC50 of 39.0 nM and displays high affinity by displacing [125I]-U2 with an IC50 of less than 5.0 nM. The compound also undergoes significant drug metabolism in human liver microsomes, with a metabolism rate of 53.0% relative to total liver blood flow.
Palosuran shows antiviral activity by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytotoxicity in various cells, including Caco-2 and VERO-6 cells at 10 µM concentration. However, the inhibitory activity is modest, with an IC50 value greater than 20000.0 nM in VERO-6 cells and showing various percentages of inhibition.
In terms of enzymatic activity, Palosuran shows weak inhibitory activity against human HDAC6 with inhibition percentages of -13.48% and -3.32% using different peptide substrates.
The compound influences cell viability differently across cell types, promoting growth in HEK293T cells while reducing it in U2OS cells and human fibroblasts. Additionally, it has variable effects on the thermal stability of different protein domains, either increasing or decreasing their melting temperatures.
Lastly, Palosuran exhibits dual bioactivity in GPCR beta-arrestin recruitment assays. It serves as a positive modulator and inhibitor across various receptors, including ADGRF1, S1PR1, FFAR4, GPR35, ADRA2A, FPR2, AGTR1, APLNR, C5AR1, GPR119, ADRB2, CX3CR1, and GLP1R, demonstrating complex interactions with different GPCR targets..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 