Cholera toxin is an AB₅-type protein toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, consisting of an enzymatically active A subunit and a B subunit pentamer that binds to the GM1 ganglioside receptor. Cholera toxin binds to the GM1 receptor on cell membranes via its B subunit, undergoes endocytosis and retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum, where the A1 subunit is released into the cytoplasm and permanently activates Gs protein through ADP-ribosylation, leading to continuous activation of adenylyl cyclase and a sharp increase in intracellular cAMP levels, ultimately causing massive fluid and electrolyte loss from the intestine and resulting in severe diarrhea.

霍乱毒素, Toxins, cholera, Exotoxin, vibrio cholerae, Choleragen, Cholera enterotoxin

H2O: 8 mg/mL, Sonication is recommended.