diet-induced

Neomangiferin (Mangiferin 7-glucoside) 是一种天然的 C-glucosyl xanthone，分离自干燥的Anemarrhena asphodeloides 的根茎中。它能够减轻大鼠高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD)。

Punicalagin 是一种在石榴中发现的主要鞣花单宁，是可逆且非竞争性的 3CLpro 抑制剂。Punicalagin 具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性。

Nicotinamide riboside 是维生素 B3 的来源，可以增强氧化代谢并防止高脂肪饮食诱导的代谢异常。它是具有口服活性的 NAD+的前体，增加 NAD+水平并激活SIRT1和SIRT3，可用于研究阿尔茨海默氏病的认知退化。

Rhododendrol (Frambinol) 是一种黑色素合成物，防止雄性小鼠高脂饮食引起的体重升高和增加雄性小鼠白色脂肪细胞的脂肪分解。Rhododendrol 可用作美白/美白化妆品抑制剂。

Emodin (Frangula emodin) 是 11β-HSD1 抑制剂，对人和小鼠 11β-HSD1 的 IC50 分别为 186 和 86 nM，具有选择性。Emodin 具有抗病毒、抗炎、抗癌作用。Emodin 可改善饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的代谢紊乱。

Bixin是一种具有口服活性的类胡萝卜素，能够影响TLR4/NF-κB，Nrf2和ROS来改善高脂饮食引起的小鼠心脏损伤，诱导A549，HeLa和MCF-7的凋亡。

Nicotinamide Riboside Triflate (SRT647 Triflate) 是一种天然NAD前体，可增加NAD水平，可增强氧化代谢并防止高脂肪饮食引起的肥胖，KE 激活SIRT3可防止噪音引起的听力损失,可用于研究肌肉萎缩。

β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) is a murine-specific primary bile acid.[1],[2] Dietary administration of β-MCA reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity in liver microsomes from mice fed a high cholesterol and cholic acid diet.[3] Dietary administration of β-MCA also dissolves 100% of gallstones in a gallstone-susceptible mouse model of diet-induced cholesterol gallstones.[4]

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg/ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg/ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg/ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16/BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg/ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg.3Ajoene (25 mg/kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16/BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

(E)-Guggulsterone是一种Guggulsterone的异构体。(E)-Guggulsterone是一种FXR拮抗剂，能够降血脂，还能够诱导血红素氧化酶-1表达、阻断DENV NS2B/3B活性，抑制DENV复制。

Isodeoxycholic Acid 是一种胆汁酸，由肠道细菌通过脱氧胆酸的表聚作用形成。Isodeoxycholic acid 的临界胶束浓度高于二氯苯甲醚，这表明它的去污活性降低了，而且在抑制七种肠道共生细菌生长方面的活性低于二氯苯甲醚。Isodeoxycholic Acid（0.1%）能抑制几种艰难梭菌菌株在牛磺胆酸诱导下的孢子萌发，并能降低艰难梭菌培养上清对 Vero 细胞的细胞毒性。在高脂饮食诱发肥胖的大鼠模型中，血浆中的Isodeoxycholic acid 水平比正常饮食的大鼠低。

Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997). Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3 References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997).

Eriocitrin (Eriodictyol-7-O-Rutinoside) 是从柠檬中分离出来的一种黄酮类天然产物，是强效的抗氧化剂。它通过激活线粒体涉及的内在信号传导途径来触发细胞凋亡。它通过上调 p53、cyclin A、cyclin D3 和 CDK6 使 S 期细胞周期停滞，从而抑制肝癌细胞的增殖。

α-Lipoic Acid sodium(Thioctic acid sodium)是一种抗氧化剂和线粒体酶复合物的重要辅助因子。α-Lipoic Acid sodium能够抑制NF-κB依赖性的HIV-1复制，诱导内质网应激介导的肝癌细胞凋亡，调节SREBP-1、FOXO1和Nrf2来改善高脂饮食诱导的肝脂肪变性。

Emodin (Standard) 是 Emodin 的标准品。适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Emodin (Frangula emodin) 是 11β-HSD1 抑制剂，对人和小鼠 11β-HSD1 的 IC50 分别为 186 和 86 nM，具有选择性。Emodin 具有抗病毒、抗炎、抗癌作用。Emodin 可改善饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠的代谢紊乱。

Eriocitrin (Standard) 是 Eriocitrin 的标准品。适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Eriocitrin (Eriodictyol-7-O-Rutinoside) 是从柠檬中分离出来的一种黄酮类天然产物，是强效的抗氧化剂。它通过激活线粒体涉及的内在信号传导途径来触发细胞凋亡。它通过上调 p53、cyclin A、cyclin D3 和 CDK6 使 S 期细胞周期停滞，从而抑制肝癌细胞的增殖。

Neomangiferin (Standard) 是 Neomangiferin 的标准品。适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Neomangiferin (Mangiferin 7-glucoside) 是一种天然的 C-glucosyl xanthone，分离自干燥的Anemarrhena asphodeloides 的根茎中。它能够减轻大鼠高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD)。

Bixin (Standard) 是 Bixin 的标准品。适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Bixin是一种具有口服活性的类胡萝卜素，能够影响TLR4/NF-κB，Nrf2和ROS来改善高脂饮食引起的小鼠心脏损伤，诱导A549，HeLa和MCF-7的凋亡。

β-Muricholic Acid (Standard) 是一种可用于分析的标准物质，通常用作 β-Muricholic Acid 的研究和分析中参考的标准样品。β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) 是一种鼠类特有的初级胆汁酸。通过饮食方式给予β-MCA 可降低喂食高胆固醇和鹅去氧胆酸饮食的小鼠肝脏微粒体中的 HMG-CoA 还原酶活性。给予β-MCA 还能使由饮食诱导的胆固醇性胆结石模型中的 100%的胆结石溶解。

Galbacin ((3S)-Zuonin A) 是 (-)-Zuonin A 的差向异构体，作为一种 AMPK 激活剂。此化合物可从 Myristica fragrans (肉豆蔻) 中提取，并能刺激已分化的 C2C12 细胞中的 AMPK 酶。Galbacin 具备抗癌特性，能够抑制淋巴细胞和肿瘤细胞的生长。此外，Galbacin 可以在节食诱导的小鼠模型中阻止体重增加，适用于代谢综合征（如肥胖和 2 型糖尿病）及癌症研究。

2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde 是一种天然产物。 2,4,6-三羟基苯甲醛是一种潜在的抗肥胖治疗药物，可抑制 C57BL/6 小鼠的 3T3-L1 细胞中的脂肪细胞分化和高脂饮食诱导的脂肪积累。它也是一种有效的抗糖尿病药物。 2,4,6-三羟基苯甲醛具有潜在的抗癌活性。

Niga-ichigoside F1是一种天然产物，能够激活Nrf2并改善高脂饮食诱导的雄性小鼠肝脏脂肪变性，还能够抑制NF-κB通路减轻DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎。

Grifolin has anti-cancer effects, it induces apoptosis and promotes cell cycle arrest in the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line via inactivation of the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways; it enhances the differentiation and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precurs

Serpentine 是一种玫瑰花根中的生物碱，可用作胰岛素增敏剂，以协助胰岛素降低血糖。Serpentine 可激活 AMPK 磷酸化，从而刺激C2C12细胞对葡萄糖的摄取。Serpentine 可增加了肌肉组织中GSK-3β mRNA的表达，从而增强葡萄糖摄取。Serpentine 显著增加胰高血糖素分泌和肝糖异生。在高脂肪饮食/链脲佐菌素（HFD/STZ）诱导的糖尿病小鼠中，Serpentine 显著延长了胰岛素的降血糖时间，显著降低了外源性胰岛素的使用，抑制了内源性胰岛素的分泌。