bilirubin

Bilirubin (Principal bile pigment) 是胆色素的一种，是血液中血红素的代谢产物。Bilirubin 具有抗诱变和抗氧化作用。Bilirubin 是临床上判定黄疸的重要依据，也是肝功能的重要指标。

Bilirubin-D4是Bilirubin (bilirubin">T2934)的氘代物。

Bilirubin conjugate is a stable, water-soluble ditaurate derivative of bilirubin meant to mimic endogenous bilirubin glucuronide derivatives. In vivo, bilirubin circulates in the plasma and is taken up by hepatocytes and conjugated to one or two glucuronic acids in a reaction catalyzed by UDP glucuronidase to form bilirubin mono or diglucuronide. This water-soluble form is then excreted from the liver in bile in the feces or is converted to urobilinogen and excreted in the urine. In addition to aiding in the disposal of heme, bilirubin and its conjugated derivatives have been shown to exhibit anti-oxidant and antimutagenic effects and to play a role in gut barrier function.

Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) 为一多铜氧化酶，能催化胆红素氧化为胆绿素，同时将分子氧还原成水。该酶在卟啉及叶绿素代谢中起作用，并作为氧还原催化剂在生化研究中广泛应用。

Bilirubin diglucuronide 是 Bilirubin 的代谢物。Bilirubin diglucuronide 可抑制 MRP1/2 介导的 ATP 依赖性白三烯 C4 (LTC4) 在膜囊泡中的转运。

Bilirubin ditaurine是一种结合型胆红素的模拟化合物，在多层脂质体或胶束环境中能够完全抑制过氧化自由基诱导的磷脂酰胆碱氧化。尽管Bilirubin ditaurine本身不显著分解18:2-OOH，但它显著加速铜离子催化的18:2-OOH分解。该化合物可用于研究结合胆红素的解毒机制。

Urobilinogens是胆红素代谢产物混合物，包括D-urobilinogen、L-urobilinogen（也称为stercobilinogen）和i-urobilinogen（又称为mesobilirubinogen）。它们由肠道微生物将胆红素转化而成。在食用高脂饮食的小鼠中，D-urobilinogen、L-urobilinogen和i-urobilinogen的盲肠水平会增加。L-urobilinogen的粪便水平增高与杂合β地中海贫血患者的血液中血红蛋白水平降低呈负相关。

Lumirubin is a water-soluble photoproduct of bilirubin formed in vivo during phototherapy.

Biliverdin hydrochloride 是一种由血红素氧化形成的四吡咯化合物，具有潜在的抗氧化活性，参与胆绿素-胆红素氧化还原系统。

Nitisinone-13C6 isinone-13C6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nitisinone by GC- or LC-MS. Nitisinone (T1684) is an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD),which converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA)to homogentisate in the tyrosine catabolic pathway.1Nitisinone increases urinary levels of HPPA and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA)in rats when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Nitisinone (T1684) (3 mg/kg)prevents the neonatal lethality of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH)deficiency in mice when administered to pregnant dams.2It exhibits hepatoprotective effects inFAH-/-mice,such as prevention of increases in plasma levels of aspartate serine aminotransferase (AST)and conjugated bilirubin,when administration is continued following birth at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Nitisinone (T1684) (100 μg)decreases urinary excretion of homogentisate and increases urinary excretion of HPPA,HPLA,and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate in a mouse model of alkaptonuria induced by ethylnitrosourea.3Formulations containing nitisinone have been used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1).

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide that stimulates gastrin release. It binds to (Ki = 300 nM) and stimulates amylase secretion in rat pancreatic AR42J cells (EC50 = 0.3 nM). GRP increases proliferation of human liver carcinoma HepG2 and MHCC97H cells but does not affect the proliferation of normal HL-7702 liver cells at a concentration of 1 nM. In vivo, GRP (0.35 nmol/kg/h) increases both pancreatic exocrine secretion and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release in rats. It dose-dependently stimulates gastrin, pancreatic amylase, lipase, bilirubin, and acid output and induces gallbladder contraction in humans when administered at doses ranging from 1 to 27 pmol/kg per hour.

Phycocyanobilin （PCB） 是一种线性开链四吡咯发色团，是一种胆红素类似物，具有抗炎抗氧化活性，可用于研究阿尔茨海默病等神经系统疾病。

Biliverdin 可由 bilirubin 氧化生成，同时也可通过 Corynebacterium glutamicum 中的非原卟啉途径合成。Biliverdin 被用于以血红素降解通路、氧化应激反应体系、微生物代谢工程以及胆色素相关细胞信号机制为重点的生物化学与微生物研究。

6-Hydroxy Etodolac, a metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor etodolac, causes false positives in diazo diagnostic tests for urinary bilirubin.

UGT1A1-IN-1 (Compound 2) 是一种非竞争性 UGT1A1(尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 1A1)抑制剂。它能够有效抑制由 UGT1A1 介导的 1-O-葡萄糖醛酸结合过程，其 IC50 和 Ki 值分别为 1.33 μM 和 5.02 μM。研究表明，UGT1A1-IN-1 与胆红素 (Bilirubin) 在 UGT1A1 酶上的配体结合位点相同。由于该化合物在人肝微粒体 (HLM) 中表现出良好的反应活性且具有荧光特性，它常被用作 UGT1A1 的高亲和力荧光探针底物，用于研究胆红素代谢障碍及药物相互作用。

Biliverdin hydrochloride (Standard) 是一种可用于分析的标准物质，通常用作 Biliverdin hydrochloride 的研究和分析中参考的标准样品。Biliverdin hydrochloride 是一种由血红素氧化形成的四吡咯化合物，具有潜在的抗氧化活性，参与胆绿素-胆红素氧化还原系统。

Stercobilinogen 是胆红素在肠道中的微生物代谢物。Stercobilinogen 可用于代谢研究。

i-Urobilinogen 是胆红素还原的代谢产物，可以从人粪便中提取。i-Urobilinogen 具有清除DPPH自由基的能力。

β-D-Glucuronidase, Bacteria (EC 3.2.1.31) 催化复杂碳水化合物的分解，并将结合型胆红素转化为非结合型胆红素，使其更容易被重新吸收。

Biliverdin dihydrochloride 是由血红素代谢生成的四吡咯色素。通过血红素氧化酶作用，血红素被分解成 Biliverdin、一氧化碳和铁。随后，在胆绿素还原酶的作用下，Biliverdin 快速转变为胆红素。Biliverdin dihydrochloride 具有抗诱变、抗氧化、抗炎及免疫抑制的特性。