Levodopa

Levodopa sodium（L-DOPA）是神经递质多巴胺的代谢前体，具有口服活性，可透过血脑屏障，在脑内被多巴胺能神经元摄取并迅速转化为多巴胺。它具有抗痛觉过敏作用，常用于诱导帕金森病动物模型。

L-DOPA（Levodopa）是一种具有口服活性的神经递质多巴胺的代谢前体，能够透过血脑屏障并在大脑中转化为多巴胺，具有抗痛觉过敏作用，在帕金森氏病研究中具有潜力，并可用于诱导帕金森病模型。

Etilevodopa is an ethyl-ester prodrug of Levodopa which is used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is rapidly hydrolyzed to Levodopa and ethanol by nonspecific esterases in the gastrointestinal tract. Levodopa is the direct precursor of dop

Etilevodopa hydrochloride (L-DOPA ethyl ester) 是 Levodopa 的前药，在胃肠道中被非特异性酯酶快速水解产生 Levodopa 和乙醇。Levodopa 是多巴胺的前体，有助于中枢神经系统的渗透和传递多巴胺。Etilevodopa HCl 可用于帕金森病 (PD)的相关研究。

SD-1077, also known as d3-L-DOPA, is a deuterium containing levodopa. SD-1077 has been shown in preclinical models to improve the half-life of dopamine in the brain resulting in a prolonged treatment effect.

Foslevodopa is a dopamine receptor agonist.

AV-101 (4-Cl-KYN) 是 NMDA 受体甘氨酸位点的前药拮抗剂，具有抗抑郁活性，可减少 MPTP 猴子中左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍。

Carbidopa monohydrate (S(-)-Carbidopa) 是一种外周型脱羧酶抑制剂，可用于帕金森病的研究。它是一种选择性芳香烃受体 (AhR) 调节剂。它抑制胰腺癌细胞和肿瘤生长。

Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6 phosphate) 是维生素 B6 的活性形式，可抑制逆转录酶活性，用于研究迟发性运动障碍症。

Carbidopa (Lodosyn) 是一种选择性芳香烃受体(AhR)调节剂，是外周型脱羧酶抑制剂，抑制胰腺癌细胞和肿瘤生长，可用于帕金森病的研究。

Rasagiline (AGN1135) 是不可逆的、高效的、选择性的线粒体单胺氧化酶 (MAO) 抑制剂，抑制大鼠脑 MAO B 和 MAO A 的 IC50分别为 4.43 nM 和 412 nM。

Benserazide is an inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase. It is often given with levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system an

Foscarbidopa是一种carbidopa的前药，在进入体内后被碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase)代谢为carbidopa,从而提高多巴胺水平，常与foslevodopa联用治疗晚期帕金森病的运动并发症。

PXT-012253 作为一种专一针对mGluR4的正电子发射断层显像 (PET) 配体，能特异性地结合到该受体的变构位点。该化合物主要应用于研究帕金森病及左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍。

U-0521, an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), enhances the availability and utilization of levodopa in the brain.

Eltoprazine(DU28853) is a serenic or antiaggressive agent which as an agonist at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors and as an antagonist at the 5-HT2C receptor.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT1A/1B agonist; 5-HT2C antagonistin vitro: The binding of [3H]eltoprazine to whole tissue sections was saturable and revealed an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 11 nM. Specific [3H]eltoprazine binding was completely displaced by 5-HT; conversely, unlabelled eltoprazine reduced [3H]5-HT binding to the levels of non-specific binding [1]. Eltoprazine evoked membrane changes that were similar to but much weaker than those induced by 5HT. Both the 5HT- and eltoprazine-evoked membrane hyperpolarizations were largely suppressed in the presence of spiperone [2].in vivo: eltoprazine is extremely effective in suppressing dyskinesia in experimental models, although this effect was accompanied by a partial worsening of the therapeutic effect of l-dopa. Interestingly, eltoprazine was found to (synergistically) potentiate the antidyskinetic effect of amantadine. The current data indicated that eltoprazine is highly effective in counteracting dyskinesia in preclinical models [3]. Rats were chronically treated with mianserin (10 mg/kg i.p.) or eltoprazine (1 mg/kg i.p.) and were tested in the elevated plus-maze test for anxiety. Mianserin and eltoprazine displayed opposite effects in the elevated plus-maze: mianserin induced anxiolytic-like effects, while eltoprazine showed anxiogenic-like ones [4]. [1]. Sijbesma H, et al. Eltoprazine, a drug which reduces aggressive behaviour, binds selectively to 5-HT1 receptor sites in the rat brain: an autoradiographic study. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Feb 20;177(1-2):55-66. [2]. Joels M, et al. Eltoprazine suppresses hyperpolarizing responses to serotonin in rat hippocampus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990 Apr;253(1):284-9. [3]. Bezard E, et al. Study of the antidyskinetic effect of eltoprazine in animal models of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Mov Disord. 2013 Jul;28(8):1088-96. [4]. Rocha B, et al. Chronic mianserin or eltoprazine treatment in rats: effects on the elevated plus-maze test and on limbic 5-HT2C receptor levels. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Sep 1;262(1-2):125-31.

Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) 是一种选择性，具有口服活性的外周和中枢COMT 抑制剂，在肝脏中对 COMT 的IC50为 773 nM。它还是一种 α-syn 和 Aβ42 寡聚和原纤维形成的有效抑制剂，可诱导氧化应激导致神经母细胞瘤细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤生长。

Carbidopa hydrochloride is a drug given to people with Parkinson's disease in order to inhibit peripheral metabolism of levodopa. This property is significant in that it allows a greater proportion of peripheral levodopa to cross the blood–brain barrier for central nervous system effect.

L-DOPA-2,5,6-d3是L-Dopa的氘代标记物，可用于同位素示踪。L-DOPA是一种具有口服活性的神经递质多巴胺的代谢前体，能够透过血脑屏障并在大脑中转化为多巴胺，具有抗痛觉过敏作用，可用于研究帕金森病。