Sorbic acid exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial, antifungal, antihemorrhagic, and enzyme inhibition properties. It demonstrates antimicrobial and antifungal activities against various strains such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with different Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs). Moreover, it shows antifungal efficacy against Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and its activity is pH-dependent. Additionally, the compound has a partition coefficient (log P) of 1.47 and a pKa of 4.5, contributing to its solubility and ionization behavior.
Notably, Sorbic acid also inhibits human HDAC activity, including HDAC in Hela cells and HDAC6 with variable inhibition rates, indicating its potential in epigenetic modulation. It further inhibits Schistosoma mansoni peroxiredoxins, GCN5L2, chronic active B-cell receptor signaling, histone tail interactions, androgen receptor signaling, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, and induces DNA re-replication in SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells.
In terms of antihemorrhagic action, Sorbic acid effectively inhibited Protobothrops flavoviridis venom-induced hemorrhage in ddY mice, with an IC50 of 210.0 nM. It demonstrates moderate to weak antibacterial effectiveness with MIC values generally greater than 512.0 ug/mL except for a few susceptible strains such as Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and ATCC 27853..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 