EMT inhibitor-2 inhibits CYP3A4 testosteron and CYP2C9 with IC50s of 49.72 and 5.54 μM, respectively. EMT inhibitor-2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by substances such as IL-1β and TGF-β released from the immunocytes.
Butaprost is a chemical compound that functions as a selective agonist for the prostaglandin E receptor (EP2). It exhibits an EC50 of 33 nM and a Ki of 2.4 μM when interacting with the murine EP2 receptor. However, Butaprost demonstrates lower activity against murine EP1, EP3, and EP4 receptors. Furthermore, it effectively attenuates fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β Smad2 signaling pathway [1] [2] [3].
(5E)-7-Oxozeaenol is a resorcylic acid lactone that has been found in the fungus MSX 63935 and has enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activities.1,2 It inhibits TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1; IC50 = 1.3 μM).1 (5E)-7-Oxozeaenol inhibits proliferation of MCF-7, H460, SF-268, HT-29, and MDA-MB-435 human cancer cells with IC50 values of 4.9, 1.2, 5.6, 4.4, and 5.5 μM, respectively.2 |1. Fakhouri, L., El-Elimat, T., Hurst, D.P., et al. Isolation, semisynthesis, covalent docking and transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-inhibitory activities of (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol analogues. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 23(21), 6993-6999 (2015).|2. Ayers, S., Graf, T.N., Adcock, A.F., et al. Resorcylic acid lactones with cytotoxic and NF-κB inhibitory activities and their structure-activity relationships. J. Nat. Prod. 74(5), 1126-1131 (2011).
TGFβ-IN-2 (Compound 9d) effectively inhibits the accumulation of total collagen induced by TGF-β in NRK-49F cells, with an IC 50 value of 4.31 μM. It also suppresses the in vitro protein expression of COL1A1, α-SMA, and p-Smad3, which are induced by TGF-β. Additionally, TGFβ-IN-2 shows promise as a potential anti-fibrosis compound for in vivo applications through oral administration [1].
L6H9 is a novel inhibitor of myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), suppressing HG-induced expression of ACE and AT1 receptor and Angiotensin II (AngII) production in renal NRK‐52E cells, resulting in the decrease in fibrosis markers such as TGF-β and collagen IV.