excitotoxicity

2-Hexyl-4-pentynoic acid 是一种丙戊酸 (VPA) 衍生物，可以抑制HDAC(IC50=13 µM) 和诱导HSP70。它可引起培养神经元的组蛋白高度乙酰化，防止谷氨酸诱导的兴奋性毒性，具有强大的神经保护作用。

PF-9601N 是一种单胺氧化酶 B (MAO-B) 抑制剂，在多种体内外模型中表现出抗帕金森病 (PD) 的神经保护作用。它可用于研究兴奋性毒性介导的神经退行性疾病。

Ebselen (CCG-39161) 是一种谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物，是电压依赖性钙通道阻断剂。它抑制Mpro 和COVID-19病毒，是HIV-1衣壳 CTD 二聚化的抑制剂，具有抗炎、抗癌和抗氧化活性。

MSN-125 effectively inhibits Bax Bak-mediated apoptosis in HCT-116, BMK Cells, and primary cortical neurons protect primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. MSN-125 is an effective Bax and Bak oligomerization inhibitor. MSN-125 prevents mitochond

WMS-1405是ifenprodil的衍生物。作为一种高效的NR2B选择性NMDA受体拮抗剂，WMS-1405展示出了5.4 nM的Ki值。通过中心构建基块合成，WMS-1405由于其基本氮原子与苯基残基之间的特定距离，显示出高NR2B亲和性。WMS-1405具有成为治疗兴奋毒性的NMDA拮抗剂的潜力。

PD150606 是一种具有选择性的非肽 calpain 抑制剂，具有神经保护活性，抑制 μ-calpains 和 m-calpains ，抑制红藻氨酸诱导的 Ca2+ 内流，干扰兴奋性毒性依赖性运动神经元死亡。

Selective TrkB receptor agonist. Protects neurons from excitotoxicity. Protects retinas from light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) in vivo. Blood brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier penetrant.

Sepimostat dimethanesulfonate (FUT-187) exhibits neuroprotective activity via NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism at the Ifenprodil-binding site of the NR2B subunit. Sepimostat dimethanesulfonate inhibits the Ifenprodil binding with a Ki value of 27.7 μM[1]. Sepimostat (1 to 100 nmol eye, intravitreal injection) exhibits significant neuroprotective effect[1]. Animal Model: Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150-300 g[1]. [1]. Masahiro Fuwa, et al. Nafamostat and Sepimostat Identified as Novel Neuroprotective Agents via NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonism Using a Rat Retinal Excitotoxicity Model. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 31;9(1):20409.

5-(2-furyl)-N-propylisoxazole-3-carboxamide 是一种用作分子结构单元的化合物，被认为是 NMDA 受体的调节剂，已被证明对神经元细胞中谷氨酸诱导的兴奋性毒性和氧化应激具有保护作用。它也被发现具有抗炎活性，使其成为阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等疾病的潜在治疗剂。

GTS511 is a EAAT2 Activator. Pharmacokinetic profiles (PK) of GTS511 show a >6 h half-life and higher bioavailability in plasma and the brain under all three routes of administration in rats. GTS511 can be further developed to treat neurological disorders caused by excitotoxicity

NBQX, also known as FG9202, is an AMPA receptor antagonist. NBQX blocks AMPA receptors in micromolar concentrations (~10–20 µM) and also blocks kainate receptors. In experiments, it is used to counter glutamate excitotoxicity. NBQX was found to have anticonvulsant activity in rodent seizure models. As the disodium salt, NBQX is soluble in water at high concentrations (at least up to 100 mM).

EGIS-8332 is a potent and selective non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. EGIS-8332 inhibits AMPA kainate ion channels and cell death. EGIS-8332 inhibited AMPA currents in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells and inhibited the AMPA- and quisqualate-induced excitotoxicity in primary cultures of telencephalon neurons (IC(50)=5.1-9.0 microM), in vitro. EGIS-8332 seems suitable for further development for the treatment of epilepsy, ischaemia and stroke based on its efficacy in a variety of experimental disease models, and on its low side effect potential.

TAT-GluN2BCTM 是一种靶向DAPK1的膜透性肽，能够促使活性DAPK1定向降解于溶酶体。该化合物通过降低DAPK1的表达，有助于防护神经元免遭氧化应激和NMDAR-介导的兴奋毒性。TAT-GluN2BCTM常用于神经保护性研究领域。

Ganglioside GM1 是中枢神经系统 （CNS） 细胞表面的主要鞘糖脂 （GSL） 之一，对中枢神经系统具有保护作用，用于研究神经系统疾病。Ganglioside GM1 通过其寡糖在野生型和肌萎缩侧索硬化症运动神经元中发挥对谷氨酸兴奋性毒性的保护作用。

Fraxinellone analog 1 (compound 2) 作为一种Nrf2介导的抗氧化防御系统激活剂,显示出高效和迅速的效应,并对谷氨酸诱导的兴奋性毒性提供保护.它通过诱导Gpx4、Sod1和Nqo1等抗氧化基因的表达来发挥作用.此外,Fraxinellone analog 1 还具备神经保护特性,可调节抗氧化应激和炎症,适用于神经退行性疾病的相关研究.

15-Methoxypinusolidic acid has anti-inflammatory effects, it inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production, independent on MAPK and NF-kappaB. 15-Methoxypinusolidic acid suppresses adipocyte differentiation through the inhibition of PPARgamma-dep