Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid. Aldosterone is synthesized and secreted in response to renin-angiotensin system activation or high dietary potassium by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.
18-Oxocortisol is a cortisol derivative generated by aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). It acts as a naturally occurring mineralocorticoid agonist and serves as a biomarker in adrenal vein sampling.
Angiotensin II 是一种主要的生物活性血管收缩肽,通过与AT1R和AT2R受体结合,调节血压,刺激交感神经,促进醛固酮合成和肾脏功能。它还能诱导血管平滑肌细胞增生、胶原合成增加,导致血管和心肌增厚及纤维化,同时促进细胞凋亡和内皮细胞毛细血管形成。Angiotensin II常用于诱导高血压和心脏肥大动物模型。