s. cerevisiae

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) 是一种可逆地抑制翻译延伸的天然产物，是一种抗有丝分裂化合物，也是 DNA 和蛋白质合成的抑制剂。

Zymosan A（酵母聚糖A）是来自于酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）的多糖，是一种 TLR2 激动剂，通过TLR2信号通路和Wnt信号通路上调ASCL2，促进辐射损伤后肠道干细胞ISCs的再生。Zymosan A可以刺激免疫反应和诱导炎症、厌食和体温升高，还能够抑制人角膜成纤维细胞中缝隙连接蛋白connexin 43并导致角膜基质损伤。

Pachybasin 是一种蒽醌真菌代谢物。 Pachybasin 对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、M. luteus、S. cerevisiae、C. albicans、A. niger 和 A. flavus 具有抗菌活性，MIC 值为 64.0 μg mL，对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性 和尖孢镰刀菌，MIC 值分别为 32.0 和 16.0 μg mL。

6-Chloropurine riboside-5'-triphosphate是一种RNA三磷酸酶mRNA-帽化酶β亚单位(Cet1; IC50 = 2 µM，针对S. cerevisiae酶的GTPase活性)的抑制剂，同时也是6-chloropurine riboside的磷酸化形式。此外，它还能激活E. coli天冬氨酸氨甲酰转移酶(EC50 = 0.76 mM)。6-Chloropurine riboside-5'-triphosphate已在合成具有抗癌活性的细胞因子以及一种光点击形式的ATP中得到应用。

10-Chloroestra-1,4-diene-3,17-dione 是一个对雌性激素受体α (ERα) 具有激动作用的类固醇。它能增加在S. cerevisiae 中报告基因的表达（对人类受体的EC50 = 0.36 nM）。同时，它也是一种芳香化酶抑制剂（IC50 = 2.4 µM）。

Cytarabine 5′-monophosphate (ara-CMP), an active metabolite of the nucleoside analog cytarabine formed by deoxycytidine kinase, is incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase α, significantly slowing DNA synthesis. It inhibits nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication in S. cerevisiae at 15 mM and improves survival in an L1210 murine leukemia model at 3.5-75.1 mg kg.

1-Undecanoyl-rac-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol that contains undecanoic acid at the sn-1 position. It completely inhibits the growth of the bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, M. luteus, E. faecalis, and S. aureus when used at concentrations ranging from 250 to 1,500 mg L.1 1-Undecanoyl-rac-glycerol (0.1 and 0.3 mg ml) also has antifungal activity against K. marxianus, S. cerevisiae, and C. maltosa.2

α-Factor Mating Pheromone, yeast (TFA)为一来自S. cerevisiae的α细胞分泌的十三肽，通过Ste2p受体发挥作用。

Seabream hepcidin是一种抗菌肽，具有针对细菌(V.anguillarum)、真菌(S.cerevisiae)以及病毒性出血性败血症病毒的活性。

SCH 725674 is an antifungal macrolide originally isolated from Aspergillus. It inhibits the growth of S. cerevisiae and C. albicans in vitro (MICs = 8 and 32 μg ml, respectively).

Neohydroxyaspergillic acid is a fungal metabolite produced by A. sclerotiorum that has antibiotic and antifungal activities. It inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa, M. smegmatis, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, B. mycoides, and B. subtilis bacteria (MICs = 125-500 μg/ml). Neohydroxyaspergillic acid also inhibits the growth of G. convolute, S. consortiale, P. blakesleeanus, C. globosum, and T. mentagrophytes (MICs = 175-700 μg/ml) but not A. niger, P. notatum, M. verrucaria, or S. cerevisiae fungi.

Burnettramic acid A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated fromA. burnettiithat has diverse biological activities.1It is active againstB. subtilis,S. aureus,C. albicans, andS. cerevisiae(IC50s = 2.3, 5.9, 0.5, and 0.2 μg ml, respectively). Burnettramic acid A is cytotoxic to NS-1 murine myeloma cells but not neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (IC50s = 13.8 and >100 μg ml, respectively). 1.Li, H., Gilchrist, C.L.M., Lacey, H.J., et al.Discovery and heterologous biosynthesis of the burnettramic acids: Rare PKS-NRPS-derived bolaamphiphilic pyrrolizidinediones from an Australian fungus, Aspergillus burnettiiOrg. Lett.21(5)1287-1291(2019)

Phanerosporic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite originally isolated from P. chrysosporum that has antibacterial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. coli and antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae, A. niger, O. ulmi, U. maydis, C. cucmerinum, C. cladosporioides, and B. cinerea.1 It has been used in the synthesis of macrolide derivatives.References1. Arnone, A., Assante, G., Nasini, G., et al. Phanerosporic acid, a β-resorcylate obtained from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Phytochemistry 28(10), 2803-2806 (1989). Phanerosporic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite originally isolated from P. chrysosporum that has antibacterial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. coli and antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae, A. niger, O. ulmi, U. maydis, C. cucmerinum, C. cladosporioides, and B. cinerea.1 It has been used in the synthesis of macrolide derivatives. References1. Arnone, A., Assante, G., Nasini, G., et al. Phanerosporic acid, a β-resorcylate obtained from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Phytochemistry 28(10), 2803-2806 (1989).

Sphinganine (d20:0) is a natural isomer of dihydro-D-erythro-sphinganine (sphinganine (d18:0); that is a precursor of ceramide and sphingosine as well as a substrate for sphingosine kinases, which generate sphingosine-1-phosphate (d18:1) . In S. cerevisiae, the amount of sphinganine (d20:0) increases 10.8-fold in response to heat stress, indicating it is involved in heat stress adaptation. Sphinganine levels increase significantly in response to certain mycotoxins, including fumonisins as well as in some cancers. Sphinganine can block protein kinase C activation in some cases but not others.

Blasticidin A is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from S. resistomycificus strain 2A-327. It inhibits aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus without affecting fungal growth (IC50s = 0.25 and 1.6 μM, respectively). Blasticidin A also decreases ribosomal protein levels and inhibits protein synthesis in S. cerevisiae.

Thielavin A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from T. terricola that is related to thielavin B . Thielavin A inhibits COX, blocking both the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 and the conversion of PGH2 to PGE2 . Thielavin A also inhibits glucose-6-phosphatase in rat liver microsomes (IC50 = 4.6 μM). It is a non-competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase from S. cerevisiae (IC50 = 23.8 μM; Ki = 27.8 μM).

Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium 是一种嘧啶核苷酸。Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium 是通过从头合成途径合成的，用于在大量微生物中合成 DNA，包括 M. tuberculosis、S. cerevisiae、S. typhimurium 和 P. falciparum 等等。乳清酸磷酸核糖基转移酶 (OPRT) 以磷酸核糖焦磷酸 (PRPP) 和乳清酸 (OA) 作为底物催化合成 Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium[1]

Linearmycin A is a polyene antibiotic that has been found inStreptomyces.1It is active against the bacteriaS. aureusandE. coli(MICs = 3.1 and 1.6 μg disc, respectively), the fungiS. cerevisiaeandC. albicans(MICs = 0.1 and 1.6 μg disc, respectively), and the plant pathogenic fungusA. nigerin disc assays (MIC = 0.2 μg disc). Linearmycin A induces lysis and degradation ofB. subtilisas a component ofStreptomycesMg1 extract.2 1.Sakuda, S., Guce-Bigol, U., Itoh, M., et al.Novel linear polyene antibiotics: LinearmycinsJ. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1182315-2319(1996) 2.Stubbendieck, R.M., and Straight, P.D.Escape from lethal bacterial competition through coupled activation of antibiotic resistance and a mobilized subpopulationPLoS Genet.11(12)e1005722(2015)

(–)-Voacangarine, an indole alkaloid isolated from V. africana, exhibits cytotoxicity towards various cell lines including HepG2, A375, MDA-MB-231, SH-SY5Y, and CT26 with IC50 values of 20 µg ml. Additionally, it demonstrates cytostatic effects on wild-type S. cerevisiae and is cytotoxic to Δrad3-e5 and Δrad6-1 mutant strains of S. cerevisiae, which have defects in DNA strand break repair and the mutagenic repair pathway, respectively.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 also known as cell division protein kinase 2. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser Thr protein kinases. This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevis

ICMT-IN-54 (compound 7c) 为一adamantyl类似物，具有ICMT抑制活性（IC50=12.4 μM），能够有效抑制ICMT的甲基转移作用。此化合物可在表达ICMT的酿酒酵母样本中阻断BFC甲基化，展现出间接抑制ICMT甲基化的能力。

C18 Phytoceramide (t18:0 18:0) (Cer(t18:0 18:0)) is a bioactive sphingolipid found in S. cerevisiae, wheat grains, and the stratum corneum layer of mammalian epidermis. Cer(t18:0 18:0) is composed of a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C18 fatty acid chain. Cer(t18:0 18:0) has a role in regulation of apoptosis, cell differentiation, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It also inhibits expression of the allergic cytokines IL-4, TNF-α, and transcription factors c-Jun and NF-κB in histone-stimulated murine skin tissue. Formulations containing cer(t18:0 18:0) have been used used in cosmetics as a skin protectants as they reduce water loss to prevent epidermal dehydration and irritation.

1,3-Dipalmitoleoyl-rac-glycerol is a diacylglycerol with palmitoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. It selectively inhibits α-glucosidase from S. cerevisiae over rat enzyme (IC50s = 4.45 and 9,326.5 μM, respectively). 1,3-Dipalmitoleoyl-rac-glycerol has been used in the formation of lipid bilayers to study the effects of membrane composition and the ionophore valinomycin on membrane potential.

C16 Phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) is a phytoceramide, which is a family of sphingolipids found in the intestine, kidney, and extracellular spaces of the stratum corneum of the mammalian epidermis. C16 Phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) is composed of a phytosphingosine backbone amine-linked to a C16 fatty acid chain. The levels of C16 phytoceramide (t18:0/16:0) increase following heat stress in S. cerevisiae. It has been used with other ceramides to create stratum corneum substitutes to study percutaneous penetration and psoriasis in vitro.