protein secretion

IXA4 是一种高选择性、无毒的 IRE1/XBP1s 激活剂，通过激活 IRE1 来减少 APP 的分泌。它刺激的 IRE1 激活也增强了胰腺功能。

L-692429 (MK-0751) 是一种有效的非肽基生长激素促分泌素 (GHS) 激动剂，是一种苯并内酰胺的衍生物，可逆转糖皮质激素对 GH 分泌的抑制。L-692429 对 G 蛋白偶联受体 (G protein-coupled receptor)具有很高的亲和力，可用于研究肢端肥大症和肥胖。

LY2881835 是一种特异性 G 蛋白偶联受体 40 (GPR40) 激动剂，具有潜在的降血糖活性，可增强的葡萄糖刺激正常瘦小鼠的胰岛素分泌。LY2881835 可用于研究 2 型糖尿病。

DSS30 是一种 P25/CDK5抑制剂。DSS30通过抑制淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1 (BACEl) 磷酸化，减少 β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 的分泌发挥作用。DSS30 可用于预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病。

LHVS effectively blocks T. gondii microneme protein secretion (IC50=10 μM), gliding motility, and cell invasion. LHVS is a potent, non-selective cysteine protease inhibitor.

RV01 是一种新型的白藜芦醇喹啉取代类似物，可抑制 DNA 损伤，降低乙醇诱导的乙醛脱氢酶 (ALDH2) 的 mRNA 表达，具有清除羟自由基的活性。RV01 降低 iNOS 的表达，具有抗神经炎症作用。RV01降低肿瘤坏死因子-a (TNF-a)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6) mRNA 水平和分泌，抑制lps 诱导的ROS 生成和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶活化，降低toll 样受体4 (TLR4)的蛋白表达，抑制lps 诱导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和核转录因子-кB (NF-кB)信号通路的激活。

RO-28-1675是一种直接和选择性的葡萄糖激酶 (glucokinase)激活剂，间接影响GK/GKRP(glucokinase regulatory protein)复合物的活性，其效能随葡萄糖浓度升高而降低，可用于胰岛素分泌和2型糖尿病相关研究。

3-Deoxyglucosone(3-Deoxy-D-glucosone) 是美拉德反应和多元醇反应的中间体途径合成。3-Deoxyglucosone 与蛋白质氨基快速反应形成晚期糖基化末端蛋白 (AGEs)。3-Deoxyglucosone 可使谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶失活，可与低葡萄糖协同作用以增强 GLP-1 分泌，可以作为糖尿病生物学检测的标志物。

STAT3-IN-31 (compound K2071)，一种基于STATtic开发的STAT3和有丝分裂抑制剂，具备阻断有丝分裂进展及干扰纺锤体形成的功能。此外，它能够抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞的迁移和肿瘤球体中细胞的增殖，诱导细胞衰老，并抑制抗Temozolomide的胶质母细胞瘤细胞生长，以及单核细胞趋化蛋白MCP-1的分泌，从而阻止炎症反应。

Vasopressin-d5 TFA为Vasopressin-d5的TFA盐形式，并作为Vasopressin的同位素标记物。Vasopressin本身是一种在下丘脑中部合成的环状九肽。它参与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴中的功能，通过加强对促皮质素释放因子的刺激，从而调控垂体的促皮质素分泌。此外，Vasopressin还能作为神经递质，通过与特定的G蛋白偶联受体相结合来发挥作用。

M351-0056 是一种免疫检查点蛋白VISTA的激动剂，可以降低VISTA诱导的细胞因子分泌，促进VISTA介导的T细胞增殖，并具有免疫调节作用。M351-0056 能在小鼠模型中改善Imiquimod引发的银屑病性皮炎。

gamma-secretase modulator 6 (Example 50) 是一种gamma-secretase调节剂。它能够抑制在稳定表达APP (Aβ淀粉样蛋白前体) 的HEK细胞系中Aβ42的分泌 (pIC50: 8.1)。gamma-secretase modulator 6 可用于阿尔茨海默病的研究。

HPK1-IN-57 (Compound 10c) 是一种针对造血祖细胞激酶1 (HPK1) 的强效抑制剂，其IC50为0.09 nM。该化合物通过抑制HPK1激酶活性来阻止下游接头蛋白SLP76的磷酸化 (IC50为33.74 nM)，并能够有效地刺激T细胞活化标志物IL-2的分泌 (EC50为84.24 nM)。HPK1-IN-57 有潜力应用于肿瘤免疫治疗研究。

HPK1-IN-43 (compound 9f) 是一种HPK1激酶抑制剂，其IC50值为0.32 nM。此化合物能够抑制PBMC细胞中下游蛋白SLP-76的磷酸化，并促进白细胞介素2 (IL-2)和干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)的分泌。HPK1-IN-43 适用于癌症研究。

GLP-1R modulator-1 (Compound 384) 是一种口服可用且效力强的选择性胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体 (GLP-1R) 激动剂。通过激活 G 蛋白偶联信号传导，提高细胞内 cAMP 水平，GLP-1R modulator-1 促进胰岛素分泌，延缓胃排空，并抑制食欲。该化合物在 2 型糖尿病、肥胖症和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 的研究中表现出潜力。

PDIA1-IN-1 是蛋白质二硫键异构酶 1 (PDIA1) 的抑制剂。它能抑制NLRP3炎症小体的组装和活性，IC50值为 1 μM，并减少 IL-1β 的分泌。PDIA1-IN-1 可应用于炎症和神经系统疾病的研究。

LAB687 (Compound 2a) 是一类微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白 (MTP) 的强效抑制剂，其在 HepG2 细胞中抑制载脂蛋白 B (apoB) 分泌的IC50为 0.9 nM。同时，LAB687 作为Smoothened (Smo)的拮抗剂，在小鼠和人类中对Smo受体的IC50分别为 2.48 和 3.42 μM。此化合物能够有效降低甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 的水平，并阻断Hedgehog信号通路。

AS1269574 是口服有效的GPR119激动剂，在表达人 GPR119 的 HEK293 细胞中EC50为 2.5 μM。它激活 TRPA1 阳离子通道，刺激胰高血糖素样肽-1分泌。它仅在高糖条件下特异性诱导胰腺 β 细胞分泌葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素。它在 2 型糖尿病的研究中具有价值。

BMS-986118 is a full agonist of GPR40, is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed primarily in pancreatic islets and intestinal L-cells that has been a target of significant recent therapeutic interest for type II diabetes. Activation of GPR40 by partial a

AG 85 is a major secretion protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (3-36) is a C-terminal fragment of NPY, a neuropeptide involved in controlling appetite, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion. NPY (3-36) is an endogenous peptide produced by cleavage of NPY by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). It binds selectively to the NPY receptor Y2 (Ki = 0.41 nM in CHP 234 cells) over the Y1 receptor, where it does not bind at concentrations up to 1 μM. NPY (3-36) (0.1 nM) increases migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 80% after 12 hours in an in vitro wound closure assay. NPY (3-36) corresponds to residues 3-36 of the human and rat protein sequence.

Osteocalcin (1-49) is a non-collagenous peptide that is secreted by osteoblasts and odontoblasts and comprises 1-2% of the total protein in bone. Secretion of osteocalcin (1-49) is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and plasma levels increase in diseases that induce dysregulated bone turnover such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Osteocalcin (1-49) is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and negatively correlated with high blood glucose levels in women. In vitro, osteocalcin induces chemotaxis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, human peripheral blood monocytes, and rat osteosarcoma cells with osteoblast-like characteristics. It is also expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) displaying an osteoblast-like phenotype and has been positively associated with calcification of aortic tissue and heart valves in humans.

Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004). Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3 References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004).

3-Iodothyronamine hydrochloride是一种速效和内源性的甲状腺激素衍生物，能够在体外激活TAAR1和在体内诱导体温降低，可用于研究内分泌与代谢。