oxygen-induced

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) 属于茶类黄酮天然产物，可抑制 EGFR 信号传导，抑制 GLUD 1 2。(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate 具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性。(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate 可以通过激活细胞色素 c 氧化酶来诱导氧化磷酸化。

BCI hydrochloride ((E)-BCI hydrochloride) 是一种选择性双特异性磷酸酶 6 （DUSP6） 抑制剂，抑制 RANKL 介导的破骨细胞生成并减轻卵巢切除术诱导的骨质流失。BCI hydrochloride 具有抗炎活性，可减少活性氧 (ROS) 的产生，部分逆转 AE 诱导的细胞毒性，增加 ERK 的活性，可用于研究炎症性疾病。

INCA-6 (Triptycene-1,4-quinone) 是细胞渗透性的 NFAT 抑制剂。INCA-6 通过特异性阻断 NFAT 底物靶向钙调神经磷酸酶位点，有效抑制calcineurin (CN)-NFAT 信号传导。

Gue1654 是一种选择性 OXE-R 抑制剂，通过激活 BCAT1 缓解冠状动脉结扎诱导的小鼠缺血性心肌损伤和心肌细胞氧 葡萄糖剥夺诱导的损伤。Gue1654 抑制 OXE-R 抑制的蛋白激酶 C-ε （PKC-ε） 核因子 κB （NF-κB） 信号传导和心肌细胞凋亡。Gue1654 可用于研究心血管疾病。

LI-2242是一种强效肌醇六磷酸激酶（IP6K）抑制剂，对 IP6K1、IP6K2、IP6K3和 IPMK 的 IC50s 分别为31 nM、42 nM、8.7 nM 和1944 nM。LI-2242通过减少增强脂质吸收、脂质稳定和脂肪生成的基因的表达，改善了肝脏脂肪变性，增强体外脂肪细胞和肝细胞的线粒体耗氧率（OCR）和胰岛素信号传导。 LI-2242可改善饮食诱导的小鼠肥胖症、高血糖症和肝脂肪变性。LI-2242可用于研究 II 型糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢并发症、静脉血栓和精神疾病。

Rebamipide (OPC12759) 是一种粘膜保护剂，可诱导COX-2表达，增加PGE2水平，并以 COX-2 依赖性方式增强胃粘膜防御。

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride) 是一种由内源性左旋肉碱的乙酰化形式的盐酸盐组成的营养补充剂，具有潜在的神经保护、认知增强、抗抑郁和免疫调节活性。还可缓解化疗、糖尿病或其他疾病引起的周围神经病变。此外，乙酰左旋肉碱可能通过增加T淋巴细胞成熟来调节免疫反应，并可能下调促炎细胞因子对病毒(如SARS-CoV-2)的反应。它还可能破坏ACE2信号通路并抑制活性氧(ROS)的产生。

Vanillyl Alcohol (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) 是一种酚类醇，具有抗血管生成、抗惊厥、抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护和抗伤害活性。它由香兰素衍生而来，在食品和饮料中用作调味剂。

Ebselen (CCG-39161) 是一种谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物，是电压依赖性钙通道阻断剂。它抑制Mpro 和COVID-19病毒，是HIV-1衣壳 CTD 二聚化的抑制剂，具有抗炎、抗癌和抗氧化活性。

CIL56 (CA3) 是一种选择性铁死亡诱导剂，可通过产生铁依赖性活性氧来诱导细胞铁死亡。

Ezetimibe ketone (EZM-K) 是一种 Ezetimibe 代谢产物，具有抗氧化活性，可缓解 H2O2 诱导 NRK-52E 细胞凋亡和活性氧 （ROS），上调 Nrf2 和 HO-1 水平。

Methylproamine是一种与DNA结合的辐射保护剂，可以修复辐射诱导的短暂活性氧。

Terlipressin Acetate 是一种高度选择性的加压素 V1 受体激动剂，对氧和葡萄糖剥夺 再氧合 (OGD R) 诱导的肠上皮细胞损伤 (IEC-6) 具有抗炎和抗氧化作用，可用于肝肾综合征和耐去甲肾上腺素的败血性休克的研究。

ZX782 作为GPX4蛋白的降解剂和(Ferroptosis)铁死亡诱导剂，通过泛素蛋白酶体及自噬溶酶体降解GPX4，从而在HT1080细胞中显著增加脂质活性氧(ROS)的积累。

Compound Y12 (Neuroprotective agent 6) 是一种具备抗氧化性的神经保护剂。在氧糖剥夺 复氧 (OGD R) 诱导的细胞模型及短暂性大脑中动脉闭塞 (tMCAO) 诱导的动物模型中，Compound Y12 展现出卓越的神经保护能力。此外，该化合物对Cu2+也具有明显的金属螯合作用。

Pentyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 是对羟基苯甲酸酯类的化合物，常作为防腐剂使用，并具备抗菌活性，涉及抑制诱导的氧气消耗。

AChE BChE-IN-23（Compound 6e）作为一种AChE BChE抑制剂，对AChE、eqBChE 和 hBChE具备较强的抑制效应，其IC50分别为0.91 μM、1.19 μM 和1.01 μM。该化合物不仅显示出优异的抗氧化活性，而且能够有效抑制Aβ1-42 和Tau蛋白的聚集。此外，AChE BChE-IN-23通过抑制活性氧的释放和减少线粒体损伤，进而抑制小胶质细胞的激活，并降低人小胶质细胞中NLRP3炎症小体的表达。它还能逆转东莨菪碱诱导的小鼠记忆损伤。

STEP-IN-1 (Compound 14b) 是一种高效且选择性的STEP抑制剂，其IC50为5.27 μM。该化合物具有神经保护特性，能够保护神经细胞免受谷氨酸诱导的毒性侵害，减少细胞内活性氧 (ROS) 的积累，并抑制细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。STEP-IN-1 可应用于神经退行性疾病的研究。

Keap1-Nrf2-IN-25 (Compound 19) 是一种强效的Keap1-Nrf2抑制剂，IC50值为0.55 μM，并展现出与Keap1的结合亲和力，Kd为0.50 μM。Keap1-Nrf2-IN-25 能激活Nrf2，降低ROS及促炎细胞因子如IL-1β和IL-6的水平，对DSS诱导的结肠炎具有保护作用。

Desmethylanethol trithione (ADT-OH) 是合成硫化氢的供体。它利用上调 FADD 诱导细胞凋亡，并对体内黑色素瘤的形成具有一定的抑制作用，可用于研究癌症疾病。

1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol is a bioactive alkyl glyceryl ether. It reduces UVB-induced cell death and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin E2 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). 1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol (50 μM) increases coronary flow and left ventricular developed pressure and reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) formation ex vivo in a rat heart model of ischemia reperfusion injury. [2].Maulik, N., Tosaki, A., Engelman, R.M., et al. Myocardial salvage by chimyl alcohol: Possible role of peroxisomal dysfunction in reperfusion injury Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 723(1), 380-384 (1994).

5(6)-EET is a fully racemic version of the enantiomeric forms biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 enzymes. In solution, 5(6)-EET degrades into 5,6-DiHET and 5(6)-δ-lactone, which can be converted to 5(6)-DiHET and quantified by GC-MS. In neuroendocrine cells, such as the anterior pituitary and pancreatic islets, 5(6)-EET has been implicated in the mobilization of calcium and hormone secretion. 5(6)-EET is an inhibitor of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav3) that inhibits isoforms Cav3.1, Cav3.2 (IC50 = 0.54 μM), and Cav3.3 and decreases nifedipine-resistant phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in isolated mouse mesenteric arteries via Cav3.2 blockade when used at a concentration of 3 μM. In addition, it is a substrate of COX-1 and COX-2, as measured by oxygen consumption and product formation assays when used at a concentration of 50 μM. (±)5(6)-EET is provided as a mixture of the free acid and lactone.

AMK is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin .1,2,3,4It is formed from melatoninviathe metabolic intermediate AFMK that is then deformylated by catalase or formamidase.5,6AMK scavenges singlet oxygenin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 200 μM.1It inhibits the epinephrine- and arachidonic acid-induced production of prostaglandin E2and PGD2in ovine seminal vesicle microsomes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as well as LPS-induced increases in COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 500 μM.2,3AMK (20 mg kg) decreases MPTP-induced increases in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria from substantia nigra and striatum in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease.4 1.Schaefer, M., and Hardeland, R.The melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine is a potent singlet oxygen scavengerJ. Pineal Res.46(1)49-52(2009) 2.Kelly, R.W., Amato, F., and Seamark, R.F.N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine, a brain metabolite of melatonin, is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesisBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.121(1)372-379(1984) 3.Mayo, J.C., Sainz, R.M., Tan, D.-X., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of melatonin and its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), in macrophagesJ. Neuroimmunol.165(1-2)139-149(2005) 4.Tapias, V., Escames, G., López, L.C., et al.Melatonin and its brain metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine prevent mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase induction in parkinsonian miceJ. Neurosci. Res.87(13)3002-3010(2009) 5.Tan, D.-X., Manchester, L.C., Reiter, R.J., et al.Melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide: A potentially new metabolic pathway of melatonin biotransformationFree Radic. Biol. Med.29(11)1177-1185(2000) 6.Hirata, F., Hayaishi, O., Tokuyama, T., et al.In vitro and in vivo formation of two new metabolites of melatoninJ. Biol. Chem.249(4)1311-1313(1974)

KUS121 is a valosin-containing protein (VCP) modulator that inhibits VCP ATPase activity (IC50= 330 nM).1It inhibits cell death, ATP depletion, and upregulation of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) induced by tunicamycin, an inducer of ER stress, in HeLa cells when used at concentrations of 20, 50, and 50 μM, respectively. KUS121 (100 μM) inhibits ATP depletion and cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat primary cortical neurons in anin vitromodel of cerebral ischemia.2It reduces infarction volume and increases the latency to fall in an accelerating rotarod test in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia induced by transient distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg immediately following occlusion and again at 50 mg/kg following reperfusion. KUS121 (50 mg/kg) inhibits thinning of the retinal outer nuclear layer and preserves visual function in an rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.1 1.Ikeda, H.O., Sasaoka, N., Koike, M., et al.Novel VCP modulators mitigate major pathologies of rd10, a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosaSci. Rep.45970(2014) 2.Kinoshita, H., Maki, T., Yasuda, K., et al.KUS121, a valosin-containing protein modulator, attenuates ischemic stroke via preventing ATP depletionSci. Rep.9(1)11519(2019)