neurogenesis

Moclobemide (Ro111163) 是可逆的、可透过血脑屏障的单胺氧化酶 (MAO-A) 抑制剂，能够抑制 hMAO-A (IC50=6.061 μM)。它上调慢性应激小鼠海马祖细胞的增殖。

TTK21 是 CBP p300 组蛋白乙酰转移酶活性的激活剂，与葡萄糖基碳纳米球结合时，可通过血脑屏障，对成人大脑神经发生和长期记忆功能有益。

ISX-9 (Isoxazole 9) 是一种神经干细胞分化的有效诱导剂，可诱导 Notch 激活的心外膜衍生细胞(NEC) 的心肌分化。它可通过电压门控的 Ca2+通道和 NMDA 受体来激活 Ca2+流入，并增加 NeuroD 表达。

5-LOX MAOs-IN-1 (compound 3) 是一种同时具有抗氧化特性的5-LOX MAOs抑制剂和高效自由基清除剂。在氧化应激损伤的细胞模型中，5-LOX MAOs-IN-1展示出神经保护活性，并能激活成年小鼠神经干细胞微环境中的神经发生。该化合物对于研究神经退行性疾病具有潜在应用价值。

BNN-20 作为合成微神经营养因子，仿效脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 的功能，能特定区域地提供强效的神经保护并促进神经发生。此化合物适用于关于帕金森病的研究领域。

4-PivO-NMT chloride 是一种吲哚衍生物，可用作AMPK信号通路的调节剂，通过影响AMPK的活性来调节神经发生或神经突生长。4-PivO-NMT chloride 在神经系统疾病、疼痛及炎症研究中具有潜力。

ASM-IN-3 (Compound 21b) 是一种选择性且能穿透血脑屏障的acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)抑制剂，其对纯化的人ASM的IC50为3.37 μM。ASM-IN-3 通过抑制海马区的ASM活性并促进神经发生，改善Reserpine诱导的抑郁大鼠的抑郁样行为。

GSK-3β inhibitor24 (Compound 41) 是一种高效的GSK-3β抑制剂，IC50值为0.22 nM。该化合物能够剂量依赖性地增加GSK-3β在Ser9位点的磷酸化，并通过降低p-tau-Ser396的水平来抑制tau蛋白的过度磷酸化。此外，GSK-3β inhibitor24 可上调β-catenin以及神经发生相关标记物(GAP43和MAP-2)，显现出显著的抗阿尔茨海默病(AD)效力。

GSK3β-IN-2 (Compound S01) 是一种强效的GSK3β抑制剂，IC50为0.35 nM。它能够激活Wnt β-catenin信号通路，从而促进神经发生和神经突的生长。此外，GSK3β-IN-2 可以降低由Aβ诱导的tau蛋白在Ser396位点的磷酸化水平，减少神经原纤维缠结的形成，并在斑马鱼模型中改善阿尔茨海默病。

Notch signaling pathway activator; enhances the self-renewal capability of neural stem cells (NSCs) via Notch signaling pathway activation in vitro and in vivo. Promotes the expression of Notch target genes, Hes3 and Hes5. Expands the NSCs pool and promotes endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after chronic administration in mice. Increases the spatial and episodic memory in mice.

Ganglioside GD3 is synthesized by the addition of two sialic acid residues to lactosylceramide and can serve as a precursor to the formation of more complex gangliosides by the action of glycosyl- and sialyltransferases. It induces apoptosis in HuT-78 cutaneous T cell lymphoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential when used at a concentration of 200 μM. Expression of ganglioside GD3 in GD3-negative SK-MEL-28-N1 malignant melanoma cells increases both cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Ganglioside GD3-deficient adult mice exhibit progressive loss of the neural stem cell (NSC) pool and impaired neurogenesis. Ganglioside GD3 mixture contains ganglioside GD3 molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

Betamethasone 21-phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.1It prevents increases in macrophage and eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreases in blood leukocyte numbers in a guinea pig model of parainfluenza-3 viral infection when administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg but does not prevent airway hyperresponsiveness after infection.2Betamethasone 21-phosphate inhibits cell infiltration into the aqueous humor in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis when administered topically or subcutaneously at doses of 0.01-1% or 1 mg/kg, respectively.3It increases maximal lung pressure volume curves in fetal sheep when administered to pregnant ewes at 0.75 gestation at doses of 80 and 170 μg/kg.1Betamethasone 21-phosphate increases body weight, impairs learning and memory, increases anxiolytic behavior, and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in CD-1 mice but reduces body weight and increases neurogenesis with no effect on anxiety in high-anxiety DBA/2 mice when administered at a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for seven weeks.4Formulations containing betamethasone 12-phosphate and betamethasone acetate have been used in the treatment of severe allergic conditions and a variety of immune-related conditions. 1.Loehle, M., Schwab, M., Kadner, S., et al.Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lungAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(2)186.e181-186.e187(2010) 2.Leusink-Muis, A., Ten Broeke, R., Folkerts, G., et al.Betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigsClin. Exp. Allergy29(Suppl. 2)82-85(1999) 3.Tsuji, F., Sawa, K., Kato, M., et al.The effects of betamethasone derivatives on endotoxin-induced uveitis in ratExp. Eye Res.64(1)31-36(1997) 4.Aiello, R., Crupi, R., Leo, A., et al.Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesisBehav. Brain Res.278155-166(2015)

Nrf2-ARE hMAO-B QR2 modulator 1是白藜芦醇 (Resveratrol)衍生物和多靶标定向配体（mtdl），激活NRF2-ARE通路（CD = 9.83 μM），选择性抑制hMAO-B和QR2（quinone reductase-2，NQO2） (IC 50 = 8.05和0.57 μM)，能够促进海马神经发生，在阿尔茨海默病模型中发挥神经保护和抗氧化作用。

Yhhu-3792 激活 Notch 信号通路并促进 Hes3 和 Hes5 的表达。Yhhu-3792 增强神经干细胞 (NSC) 的自我更新能力，扩大了 NSC 池并促进了小鼠海马齿状回部分 (DG) 的内源性神经形成。Yhhu-3792 可提高小鼠的情景和空间记忆能力。 Yhhu-3792 在记忆障碍相关 DG 功能障碍中具有研究潜力。

Yonkenafil (Tunodafil) 是一种新型PDE5抑制剂，对脑梗塞、神经功能缺损、水肿及梗塞区域神经元损伤具有显著降低效果。通过调节神经发生，Yonkenafil 可改善认知功能，展现出在阿尔茨海默病研究中的潜在价值。

ER272 is a natural PKC activator, inducing hippocampal neurogenesis.

Spadin TFA 是一种从血液中释放的前肽衍生的天然肽，是一种有效的 TREK-1 通道阻滞剂，其 IC50值为 10 nM。Spadin TFA 增强小鼠中缝背核 5-HT 神经传递，诱导海马 CREB 激活和神经发生。Spadin TFA 可用于抗抑郁研究。

MR 409是一种选择性的生长激素释放激素(GHRH)激动剂，能够显著增强脑缺血小鼠内源性神经发生，具有神经保护作用，并可抑制肺癌的体内生长。

Yhhu-3792 hydrochloride 增强NSC的自我更新能力，通过激活Notch信号通路并促进Hes3及Hes5的表达，扩大NSC池。此外，Yhhu-3792 hydrochloride促进了小鼠海马齿状回（DG）部分的内源性神经形成，提高小鼠的空间和情景记忆能力，显示出研究记忆障碍相关DG功能障碍的潜力。

5-HT7R antagonist 2 (化合物 4h) 是一种效能显著的5-HT7R拮抗剂。其通过G蛋白和β-阻滞蛋白信号通路实现拮抗作用，对5-HT7R的Ki值达到67 nM。在cAMP和Tango测试中，IC50值分别达到2.59 μM和39.57 μM。此外，5-HT7R antagonist 2对神经发生具有积极影响，能够显著减少自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 相关的重复行为，并有助于恢复ASD受损的神经发生。

2-Methoxystypandrone displays an immunomodulatory effect in a cellular model, it blocks inflammatory responses by impairing NF-κB signaling to limit the inflammation and oxidative stress for preservation of BBB integrity. 2-Methoxystypandrone concomitant