CHPG is a selective agonist of mGluR5. In BV2 microglial cells, it attenuates SO2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through the TSG-6 NF-κB pathway.
T-5342126 is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist.1It reduces LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells (IC50= 27.8 μM), as well as decreases LPS-induced IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 production in isolated human whole blood (IC50s = 110.5, 315.6, and 318.4 μM, respectively). T-5342126 (82 mg kg) reduces ethanol intake and the abundance of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), a marker of microglial activation, in the central nucleus of the amygdala in ethanol-dependent mice.2 1.Chavez, S.A., Martinko, A.J., Lau, C., et al.Development of β-amino alcohol derivatives that inhibit toll-like receptor 4 mediated inflammatory response as potential antisepticsJ. Med. Chem.54(13)4659-4669(2011) 2.Bajo, M., Montgomery, S.E., Cates, L.N., et al.Evaluation of TLR4 inhibitor, T5342126, in modulation of ethanol-drinking behavior in alcohol-dependent miceAlcohol Alcohol.51(5)541-548(2016)
Nargenicin is a macrolide antibiotic that selectively inhibits the growth of S. aureus, methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and M. luteus (MICs = 0.6, 0.3, and 2.5 μg ml, respectively) over a panel of 11 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = >80 μg ml). [1] It dose-dependently inhibits S. aureus DnaE in the presence of DNase I-activated DNA and E. coli DnaE when used at concentrations of 0.00001-0.1 and 0.01-100 μg mL, respectively. [2] In murine BV-2 microglial cells, nargenicin (1 μM) inhibits cytokine expression and nitric oxide production induced by LPS.[3] Nargenicin (200 μM), when used in combination with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or all-trans retinoic acid , reduces cell proliferation by 37-47% and increases cell differentiation by 82-85% in HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells.[4]
MMP-9 inhibitor I is an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that is selective over MMP-1 and MMP-13 (IC50s = 5, 1,050, and 113 nM, respectively). It also decreases the activity of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.54 μM). MMP-9 inhibitor I decreases TNF-α secretion stimulated by LPS in BV-2 microglial cells when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM.
Potent and selective CB2 receptor agonist (Ki = 12.8 nM; EC50 = 38.67 nM). Exhibits negligible affinity for the CB1 receptor (Ki > 40,000 nM) and no activity at the GPR55. Suppresses neuroinflammation by reducing microglial activation in a multiple sclerosis mouse model. BBB permeable; anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective.
SNU-BP is an agonist of PPAR-gamma, inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines. SNU-BP potentiates interleukin-4-induced arginase-1 expression, and promotes microglial polarization toward an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype.
亚甲蓝(Basic Blue 9)水合物,作为鸟苷酸环化酶(sGC)、单胺氧化酶A(MAO-A)及NO合酶(NOS)的抑制剂,常用于医疗作为血管加压剂及染料。该化合物通过影响一氧化氮合成酶 鸟苷酸环化酶信号通路,能够减少脉冲前抑制,同时作为一种氧化还原循环化合物,具有穿透血脑屏障的能力,并作为Tau蛋白聚集的抑制剂,有助于缓解脑水肿、减轻小胶质细胞活化和神经炎症。