med 1

PMED-1 是一种有效的β-catenin抑制剂，其在肝母细胞癌细胞和多种 HCC 细胞中降低β-catenin活性的能力非常显著，具有 4.87-32 μM 的IC50值。该化合物通过削弱β-catenin与CREB结合蛋白的交互作用来干扰Wnt信号传递，进而抑制细胞的增殖。因此，PMED-1 在癌症研究领域具有广泛的应用潜力。

TP-064 是选择性蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶 4 抑制剂 ，IC50小于10 nM，具有抗癌活性。它抑制 BAF155 和 MED12 的二甲基化，IC50为 340 和 43 nM。它对于 PRMT6 的 IC50为 1.3 μM。

USP30 inhibitor 18 是有效的USP30选择性抑制剂，IC50为 0.02 μM。它增加蛋白质泛素化并加速线粒体自噬。

Alphitonin is a flavonoid that has been found in L. leptolepis wood.1 It is also a metabolic intermediate that is formed during the catabolism of quercetin by the human gut bacteria E. ramulus.2,3 |1. Chen, K., Ohmura, W., Doi, S., et al. Termite feeding deterrent from Japanese larch wood. Bioresour. Technol. 95(2), 129-134 (2004).|2. Braune, A., Gütschow, M., Engst, W., et al. Degradation of quercetin and luteolin by Eubacterium ramulus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67(12), 5558-55567 (2001).|3. Jaganath, I.B., Mullen, W., Lean, M.E.J., et al. In vitro catabolism of rutin by human fecal bacteria and the antioxidant capacity of its catabolites. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 47(8), 1180-1189 (2009).

Talabostat (PT100, Val-boroPro) is a potent, nonselective and orally available dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.18 nM. Talabostat is a nonselective DPP-IV inhibitor, inhibiting DPP8 9, FAP, DPP2 and some other DASH family enzymes essentially as potently as it inhibits DPP-IV[1]. Talabostat stimulates the immune system by triggering a proinflammatory form of cell death in monocytes and macrophages known as pyroptosis. The inhibition of two serine proteases, DPP8 and DPP9, activates the proprotein form of caspase-1 independent of the inflammasome adaptor ASC[2]. Talabostat competitively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) activity of FAP and CD26 DPP-IV, and there is a high-affinity interaction with the catalytic site due to the formation of a complex between Ser630 624 and the boron of talabostat[3]. Talabostat can stimulate immune responses against tumors involving both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. In WEHI 164 fibrosarcoma and EL4 and A20 2J lymphoma models, PT-100 causes regression and rejection of tumors. The antitumor effect appears to involve tumor-specific CTL and protective immunological memory. Talabostat treatment of WEHI 164-inoculated mice increases mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines known to promote T-cell priming and chemoattraction of T cells and innate effector cells[3]. Talabostat treated mice show significant less fibrosis and FAP expression is reduced. Upon PT100 treatment, significant differences in the MMP-12, MIP-1α, and MCP-3 mRNA expression levels in the lungs are also observed. Treatment with PT100 in this murine model of pulmonary fibrosis has an anti-fibro-proliferative effect and increases macrophage activation[4]. [1]. Connolly BA, et al. Dipeptide boronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: determinants of potencyand in vivo efficacy and safety. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):6005-13. [2]. Okondo MC, et al. DPP8 and DPP9 inhibition induces pro-caspase-1-dependent monocyte and macrophage pyroptosis. Nat Chem Biol. 2017 Jan;13(1):46-53. [3]. Adams S, et al. PT-100, a small molecule dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, has potent antitumor effects and augments antibody-mediated cytotoxicity via a novel immune mechanism. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;64(15):5471-80. [4]. Egger C, et al. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, PT100, in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Aug 15;809:64-72.

(5E)-7-Oxozeaenol is a resorcylic acid lactone that has been found in the fungus MSX 63935 and has enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activities.1,2 It inhibits TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1; IC50 = 1.3 μM).1 (5E)-7-Oxozeaenol inhibits proliferation of MCF-7, H460, SF-268, HT-29, and MDA-MB-435 human cancer cells with IC50 values of 4.9, 1.2, 5.6, 4.4, and 5.5 μM, respectively.2 |1. Fakhouri, L., El-Elimat, T., Hurst, D.P., et al. Isolation, semisynthesis, covalent docking and transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-inhibitory activities of (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol analogues. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 23(21), 6993-6999 (2015).|2. Ayers, S., Graf, T.N., Adcock, A.F., et al. Resorcylic acid lactones with cytotoxic and NF-κB inhibitory activities and their structure-activity relationships. J. Nat. Prod. 74(5), 1126-1131 (2011).

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

(S)-PI3Kα-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα, with an IC50 of 2.3 nM. (S)-PI3Kα-IN-4 shows 38.3-, 4.25-, and 4.93-fold selectivity for PI3Kα over PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ, respectively. (S)-PI3Kα-IN-4 can be used for the research of cancer[1]. (S)-PI3Kα-IN-4 (compound 11) is a quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative with 2-substituted-N-methylpropanamide substitution[1]. [1]. Dong J, et, al. Discovery of 3-Quinazolin-4(3 H)-on-3-yl-2, N-dimethylpropanamides as Orally Active and Selective PI3Kα Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2020 Jun 10;11(7):1463-1469.

2-Amino-5-bromo-6-chloropyrazine is a heterocyclic building block.1,2It has been used in the synthesis of Akt inhibitors. 1.Kettle, J.G., Brown, S., Crafter, C., et al.Diverse heterocyclic scaffolds as allosteric inhibitors of AKTJ. Med. Chem.55(3)1261-1273(2012) 2.Goel, R., Luxami, V., and Paul, K.Recent advances in development of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines: Synthesis, reactivity and their biological applicationsOrg. Biomol. Chem.13(12)3525-3555(2015)

3-Acetyldeoxy nivalenol-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 3-acetyldeoxy nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. 3-Acetyldeoxy nivalenol is a mycotoxin that has been found inF. graminearum.1In vivo, 3-acetyldeoxy nivalenol (40 mg kg) induces duodenal and splenic cell necrosis, as well as lethality (LD50= 70 mg kg) in mice.2 1.Jiao, F., Kawakami, A., and Nakajima, T.Effects of different carbon sources on trichothecene production and Tri gene expression by Fusarium graminearum in liquid cultureFEMS Microbiol.Lett.285(2)212-219(2008) 2.Schiefer, H.B., Nicholson, S., Kasali, O.B., et al.Pathology of acute 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol toxicity in miceCan. J. Comp. Med.49(3)315-318(1985)

PI3Kα-IN-4 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of PI3Kα, with an IC50 of 1.8 nM. PI3Kα-IN-4 has antitumor activity[1]. PI3Kα-IN-4 (compound 10) inhibits PI3Kα, β, δ, and γ, with IC50s of 1.8, 271.0, 13.9, and 13.8 nM, respectively in kinase assays[1].PI3Kα-IN-4 inhibits PI3Kα, β, δ, and γ, with IC50s of 12.1,1393, 183, and >10000 nM, respectively in cell based assays[1]. PI3Kα-IN-4 (compound 10) (30 mg kg; p.o. once daily for 21 d) achieves the best efficacy, which could inhibit tumor growth by 73.0% in mice[1].PI3Kα-IN-4 (15-40 mg kg; p.o. once daily for 30 d) dose dependently suppresses tumor growth by 62.5% (15 mg kg), 86.0% (30 mg kg) and 90.7% (40 mg kg), respectively in mice[1].PI3Kα-IN-4 (15-40 mg kg; p.o. once daily; 1-4 h) inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vivo[1].PI3Kα-IN-4 shows high Cmax (mouse 22167, rat 2327 nM) and good bioavailability (mouse 59.4%, rat 46.9%) following oral administration (mouse 10, rat 3 mg kg)[1].PI3Kα-IN-4 shows t1 2 (mouse 0.99, rat 1.22 h) and low plasma clearance (mouse 4.16, rat 5.28 mL min kg) following intravenous injection (mouse 1, rat 1 mg kg)[1]. [1]. Dong J, et, al. Discovery of 3-Quinazolin-4(3 H)-on-3-yl-2, N-dimethylpropanamides as Orally Active and Selective PI3Kα Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2020 Jun 10; 11(7): 1463-1469.

6-Hydroxypyridin-3-ylboronic acid is a heterocyclic building block.1,2It has been used in the synthesis of non-nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B).16-Hydroxypyridin-3-ylboronic acid has also been used in the synthesis of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors.2 1.Hendricks, R.T., Spencer, S.R., Blake, J.F., et al.3-Hydroxyisoquinolines as inhibitors of HCV NS5b RNA-dependent RNA polymeraseBioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.19(2)410-414(2009) 2.Verheijen, J.C., Richard, D.J., Curran, K., et al.Discovery of 4-morpholino-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as highly potent and sselective ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): Optimization of the 6-aryl substituentJ. Med. Chem.52(24)8010-8024(2009)

Tpl2 kinase inhibitor is an inhibitor of tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2; IC50= 0.05 μM).1It is selective for Tpl2 over MEK, p38 MAPK, Src, MK2, and PKC (IC50s = >40, 180, >400, 110, and >400 μM, respectively). Tpl2 kinase inhibitor inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production in isolated human monocytes and whole blood (IC50s = 0.7 and 8.5 μM, respectively). It enhances differentiation induced by calcitriol in HL-60 and U937 leukemia cells when used at a concentration of 5 μM.2Tpl2 kinase inhibitor (5 μM) inhibits the proliferation of KG-1a leukemia cells.3 1.Garvin, L.K., Green, N., Hu, Y., et al.Inhibition of Tpl2 kinase and TNF-α production with 1,7-naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles: Synthesis and structure-activity relationshipsBioor. Med. Chem. Lett.15(23)5288-5292(2005) 2.Wang, X., and Studzinski, G.P.Expression of MAP3 kinase COT1 is up-regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in parallel with activated c-jun during differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cellsJ. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol.121(1-2)395-398(2010) 3.Wang, X., Gocek, E., Novik, V., et al.Inhibition of Cot1/Tlp2 oncogene in AML cells reduces ERK5 activation and up-regulates p27Kip1 concomitant with enhancement of differentiation and cell cycle arrest induced by silibinin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3Cell Cycle9(22)4542-4551(2010)

YW1128 is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with an IC50 value of 4.1 nM in a reporter assay.1 It decreases protein levels of β-catenin in the presence of the GSK3β inhibitor lithium chloride and increases protein levels of Axin1 in HEK293 cells. YW1128 decreases lipid accumulation and the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes in Huh7 cells. It decreases the hepatic expression of Wnt target genes, improves glucose tolerance, and prevents body weight increases and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet, but not mice fed normal chow, when administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg every other day for 11 weeks.References1. Obianom, O.N., Ai, Y., Li, Y., et al. Triazole-based inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway improve glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. J. Med. Chem. 62(2), 727-741 (2019). YW1128 is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with an IC50 value of 4.1 nM in a reporter assay.1 It decreases protein levels of β-catenin in the presence of the GSK3β inhibitor lithium chloride and increases protein levels of Axin1 in HEK293 cells. YW1128 decreases lipid accumulation and the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes in Huh7 cells. It decreases the hepatic expression of Wnt target genes, improves glucose tolerance, and prevents body weight increases and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet, but not mice fed normal chow, when administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg every other day for 11 weeks. References1. Obianom, O.N., Ai, Y., Li, Y., et al. Triazole-based inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway improve glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. J. Med. Chem. 62(2), 727-741 (2019).

SAR502250 is a potent, selective, ATP competitive, orally active and brain-penetrant inhibitor of GSK3, with an IC50 of 12 nM for human GSK-3β. SAR502250 displays antidepressant-like activity. SAR502250 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)[1][2]. SAR502250 (0.01-1 μM; 36 h) attenuates the Aβ25-35-induced cell death in rat embryonic hippocampal neurons[2]. SAR502250 (1-100 mg kg; a single p.o,) attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in the cortex and spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing P301L tau[2].SAR502250 (10-30 mg kg; p.o. once daily for 7 weeks) improves the cognitive deficit in transgenic APP(SW) Tau(VLW) mice after infusion of Aβ25-35[2].SAR502250 (10-30 mg kg; a single p.o.) significantly increases the percentage of lever-presses in the inter-response time (IRT) bin (49-96 s), with a significant augmentation of the percentage of reinforced responses[2].SAR502250 (30 mg kg; i.p. once daily for 28 d) ameliorates chronic stress-induced degradation of the physical state of the mice coat[2].SAR502250 (10-60 mg kg; a single p.o.) decreases hyperactivity produced by psychostimulantsin mice[2]. [1]. Fukunaga K, et, al. 2-(2-Phenylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones; a new class of potent, selective and orally active glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2013 Dec 15;23(24):6933-7.[2]. Griebel G, et, al. The selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, displays neuroprotective activity and attenuates behavioral impairments in models of neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in rodents. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 2;9(1):18045.

BODIPY-aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal (BAAA-DA) is a stable precursor to BODIPY-aminoacetaldehyde, a cell-permeable fluorescent substrate for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).1,2BODIPY-aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal is converted under acidic conditions to BODIPY-aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA).2BAAA is cell-permeant and is converted intracellularly by ALDH to BODIPY aminoacetate (BAA), which is retained by cells and can be used to identify cells with high ALDH activity.1BAA is a substrate for the efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) but co-application of BAAA with a P-gp inhibitor, such as verapamil , inhibits BAA efflux.2BAAA-DA has been used to isolate human hematopoietic progenitor cells, which have high ALDH activity, andviaflow cytometry to sort cancer stem cells that contain high levels of ALDH.1,3BAA used in cells can be excited at 488 nm and displays an emission maximum of 512 nm.4 1.Storms, R.W., Trujillo, A.P., Springer, J.B., et al.Isolation of primitive human hematopoietic progenitors on the basis of aldehyde dehydrogenase activityProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America96(16)9118-9123(1999) 2.Smith, C.A., Colvin, M., Storms, R.W., et al.BODIPY aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal08010501.81-15(2010) 3.Leng, Z., Yang, Z., Li, L., et al.A reliable method for the sorting and identification of ALDHhigh cancer stem cells by flow cytometryExp. Ther. Med.(2017) 4.Pomper, M.G., Wang, H., Minn, I., et al.Red fluorescent aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) substrate(2015)

H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH is a tetrapeptide that contains the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, a sequence that acts as a recognition site for various adhesion proteins.1It inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to endothelial cells and ADP-stimulated platelets with IC50values of 320 and 35 μM, respectively.2Implantation of titanium rods coated with H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH increases bone formation in rat femurs.3H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH has been conjugated to polyethylenimine to improve gene transfection efficiency.4 1.Park, H.S., Kim, C., and Kang, Y.K.Preferred conformations of RGDX tetrapeptides to inhibit the binding of fibrinogen to plateletsBiopolymers63(5)298-313(2002) 2.Tranqui, L., Andrieux, A., Hudry-Clergeon, G., et al.Differential structural requirements for fibrinogen binding to platelets and to endothelial cellsJ. Cell Biol.108(6)2519-2527(1989) 3.Ferris, D.M., Moodie, G.D., Dimond, P.M., et al.RGD-coated titanium implants stimulate increased bone formation in vivoBiomaterials20(23-24)2323-2331(1999) 4.Kunath, K., Merdan, T., Hegener, O., et al.Integrin targeting using RGD-PEI conjugates for in vitro gene transferJ. Gene Med.5(7)588-599(2003)

Hirudin (54-65; non-sulfated) is a desulfated peptide fragment of hirudin, an anticoagulant produced byH. medicinalis.1It inhibits fibrin clot formation induced by isolated bovine thrombin with an IC50value of 3.7 μM.2 1.Niehrs, C., Huttner, W.B., Carvallo, D., et al.Conversion of recombinant hirudin to the natural form by in vitro tyrosine sulfation. Differential substrate specificities of leech and bovine tyrosylprotein sulfotransferasesJ. Biol. Chem.265(16)9314-9318(1990) 2.Payne, M.H., Krstenansky, J.L., Yates, M.T., et al.Positional effects of sulfation in hirudin and hirudin PA related anticoagulant peptidesJ. Med. Chem.34(3)1184-1187(1991)

Guanfacine-13C,15N3is intended for us as an internal standard for the quantification of guanfacine by GC- or LC-MS. Guanfacine is an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist with Kivalues of 93, 1,380, and 3,890 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, in a radioligand binding assay.1It has EC50values of 52, 288, and 602 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, for stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. It also binds to imidazoline receptor 1 (Ki= 19 nM in a radioligand binding assay).2Guanfacine (0.3-5 mg kg) binds to adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner.3It also improves spatial working memory deficits induced by hypobaric hypoxia in rats.4Formulations containing guanfacine are used in the treatment of high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 1.Jasper, J.R., Lesnick, J.D., Chang, L.K., et al.Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant α2 adrenergic receptors: Agonist-mediated [35S]GTPγS bindingBiochem. Pharmacol.55(7)1035-1043(1998) 2.Nikolic, K., Filipic, S., and Agbaba, D.QSAR study of imidazoline antihypertensive drugsBioorg. Med. Chem.16(15)7134-7140(2008) 3.Scholtysik, G.Pharmacology of guanfacineBr. J. Clin. Pharmacol.10(Suppl 1)21S-24S(1980) 4.Kauser, H., Sahu, S., Kumar, S., et al.Guanfacine is an effective countermeasure for hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive declineNeuroscience254110-119(2013)

ATRA-BA hybrid is a mutual prodrug form of all-transretinoic acid and butyric acid .1ATRA-BA hybrid is cleaved to release ATRA and BA in isolated mouse plasma. It inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast and PC3 prostate cancer cells with GI50values of 0.01 and 1.02 μM, respectively. ATRA-BA (20 μM) has 15-fold greater antiproliferative activity in PC3 cells compared to an equimolar concentration of ATRA and BA. 1.Gediya, L.K., Khandelwal, A., Patel, J., et al.Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel mutual prodrugs (hybrid drugs) of all-trans-retinoic acid and histone deacetylase inhibitors with enhanced anticancer activities in breast and prostate cancer cells in vitroJ. Med. Chem.51(13)3895-3904(2008)

rac-trans-4-hydroxy Glyburide is an active metabolite of the SUR1 Kir6.2 sulfonylurea inhibitor glyburide .1,2It is formed from glyburide by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2C8 and CYP2C9.1rac-trans-4-hydroxy Glyburide inhibits glyburide binding to rat brain synaptosomes at the high and low affinity sites of SUR1 Kir6.2 with IC50values of 0.95 and 100 nM, respectively.2 1.Zharikova, O.L., Fokina, V.M., Nanovskaya, T.N., et al.Identification of the major human hepatic and placental enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of glyburideBiochem. Pharmacol.78(12)1483-1490(2009) 2.Hill, R.A., Rudra, S., Peng, B., et al.Hydroxyl-substituted sulfonylureas as potent inhibitors of specific [3H]glyburide binding to rat brain synaptosomesBioorg. Med. Chem.11(9)2099-2113(2003)

SHS4121705 is an orally bioavailable mitochondrial uncoupler.1It increases oxygen consumption rate in L6 rat myoblast cells with an EC50value of 4.3 μM. SHS4121705 (25 mg/kg per day in the diet) reduces hepatic steatosis, liver triglyceride levels, and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in Stelic animal model (STAM) mice, a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 1.Salamoun, J.M., Garcia, C.J., Hargett, S.R., et al.6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-ol derivatives as efficacious mitochondrial uncouplers in STAM mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitisJ. Med. Chem.63(11)6203-6224(2020)

4-oxo-27-TBDMS Withaferin A is a derivative of the steroidal lactone withaferin A that has anticancer activity.1 It is cytotoxic to A2780 ovarian cancer cells (IC50 = 17 μM) but not to carboplatin-resistant A2780 (A2780/CP70) cells (IC50 = >100 μM). It is selective for A2780 cells over non-cancerous ARPE19 cells (IC50 = 1,660 μM). 4-oxo-27-TBDMS Withaferin A induces DNA fragmentation in A2780 cells.References1. Perestelo, N.R., Llanos, G.G., Reyes, C.P., et al. Expanding the chemical space of withaferin A by incorporating silicon to improve its clinical potential on human ovarian carcinoma cells. J. Med. Chem. 62(9), 4571-4585 (2019). 4-oxo-27-TBDMS Withaferin A is a derivative of the steroidal lactone withaferin A that has anticancer activity.1 It is cytotoxic to A2780 ovarian cancer cells (IC50 = 17 μM) but not to carboplatin-resistant A2780 (A2780/CP70) cells (IC50 = >100 μM). It is selective for A2780 cells over non-cancerous ARPE19 cells (IC50 = 1,660 μM). 4-oxo-27-TBDMS Withaferin A induces DNA fragmentation in A2780 cells. References1. Perestelo, N.R., Llanos, G.G., Reyes, C.P., et al. Expanding the chemical space of withaferin A by incorporating silicon to improve its clinical potential on human ovarian carcinoma cells. J. Med. Chem. 62(9), 4571-4585 (2019).

2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester is a synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of prodrug forms of the antitumor antibiotic daunomycin .1 1.Leenders, R.G.G., and Scheeren, H.W.Synthesis and evaluation of novel daunomycin-phosphate-sulfate-β-glucuronide and -β-glucoside prodrugs for application in ADEPTBioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.5(24)2975-2980(1995)