interferon, a 8

Cyclic GMP 是一种内源性第二信使，能诱导胞浆 DNA 反应引发干扰素的生成。它通过激活干扰素基因刺激因子 (STING)，触发产生 I 型干扰素及其他免疫介质的信号级联。Cyclic GMP 与 Cyclic-AMP 的结合物 Cyclic-GMP-AMP 会促进 IRF3 磷酸化和核转位，从而增强抗病毒免疫反应。此外，Cyclic GMP 可能通过激活 PDE 降解 cAMP 来抑制心肌细胞钙电流 ICa，从而调节心肌收缩。其衍生物 8-Br-cGMP 具有抗血小板活性。Cyclic GMP 被用于研究抗病毒免疫和心血管疾病。

5'-pApA is a linearized form of cyclic di-AMP, a bacterial second messenger that activates the host innate immune system through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).1,2,3,4It is a metabolite of cyclic di-AMP formedviahydrolysis by various phosphodiesterases (PDEs).55'-pApA is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-AMP signaling. 1.Burdette, D.L., Monroe, K.M., Sotelo-Troha, K., et al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic-di-GMPNature478(7370)515-518(2011) 2.Parvatiyar, K., Zhang, Z., Teles, R.M., et al.DDX41 recognizes bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I interferon immune responseNat. Immunol.13(12)1155-1161(2012) 3.Woodward, J.J., Iavarone, A.T., and Portnoy, D.A.c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon responseScience328(5986)1703-1705(2010) 4.Witte, C.E., Whiteley, A.T., Burke, T.P., et al.Cyclic di-AMP is critical for Listeria monocytogenes growth, cell wall homeostasis, and establishment of infectionmBio4(3)e00282-00213(2013) 5.Fahmi, T., Port, G.C., and Cho, K.H.c-di-AMP: An essential molecule in the signaling pathways that regulate the viability and virulence of gram-positive bacteriaGenes (Basel)8(8)197(2017)

STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α β receptor (IFNAR).References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018). STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α β receptor (IFNAR). References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018).

STING激动剂D61（D61）是干扰素基因刺激剂(STING)的激动剂。它在基于细胞的分析中诱导IFN3诱导的分泌性碱性磷酸酶(SEAP)报告基因和IFN-β诱导的报告基因的表达（EC50分别为52.9和116 nM）。D61（4, 6, 和8 µM）增加了编码IFN-β和化学因子（C-X-C基序）配体10（CXCL10）的mRNA的表达以及TANK结合激酶1（TBK1）、IRF3和STING在THP-1单核细胞中的磷酸化。在体内，D61（每隔一天0.25 mg/kg）在CT26小鼠结肠癌模型中减少肿瘤体积，而不影响体重。

HOXB7 (8-25) 是 homeobox B7 (HOXB7) 的肽段，是细胞增殖的主要调控因子和肿瘤基因途径的激活剂。通过 HOXB7 (8-25) 肽脉冲的树突状细胞展示抗原，这些树突状细胞来源于分离的人类外周血单核细胞（PBMCs），刺激CD4+辅助T细胞的激活和IFN-γ的产生，从而引发特异性和多向性肿瘤反应性的抗肿瘤反应。

PD-1 PD-L1-IN 6 (compound A13) 是有效的PD-1 PD-L1相互作用抑制剂（IC50为 132.8 nM）。PD-1 PD-L1-IN 6 显示出显著的免疫调节活性。 在 Hep3B OS-8 hPD-L1 与 CD3 T 细胞共培养模型中，PD-1 PD-L1-IN 6显著提高干扰素 -γ 分泌，且无明显毒性作用。 在 T 细胞-肿瘤共培养模型中，PD-1 PD-L1-IN 6恢复免疫应答。