aberrations

S18-000003 是口服有活性的维甲酸相关孤儿受体 (RORγt) 选择性抑制剂，在竞争性结合试验中，对 hRORγt 的 IC50值小于 30 nM。它对 RORγt 的选择性比其他 ROR 家族成员 (IC50>10 μM)更高。它可用于银屑病的研究，胸腺畸变风险较低。

Thymidine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt (TMP DISODIUM SALT) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) 是一种金属螯合剂，能够与 Fe2+形成红色螯合物，在 510 nm 处最大吸收，可防止链脲佐菌素诱导染色体畸变。它也是一种MMP 的抑制剂。

Antipain is a protease inhibitor isolated from Actinomycetes. Antipain inhibits N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced transformation and increases chromosomal aberrations[1][2].

Mps-BAY1作为一种MPS1抑制剂，展示出抗癌特性。该化合物通过促进癌细胞的有丝分裂突变，增加总体的非整倍体和多倍体数量，进而抑制细胞增殖并触发细胞凋亡(apoptosis)。Mps-BAY1主要用于结直肠癌和宫颈癌的相关研究。

8-Chloro caffeine 结合腺苷受体 (adenosine receptors) 的 Ki 值为 30 µM。它能够增强 Cl-I 型中国仓鼠胚胎肺细胞中紫外线诱导的染色体畸变。作为甲基黄嘌呤生物碱咖啡因的衍生物，8-Chloro caffeine 显示出这些特性。

Antipain dihydrochloride (Antipain 2HCl) 是一种从 Actinomycetes 提取到的蛋白酶抑制剂，具有镇痛活性，抑制 X 射线诱导的人淋巴细胞染色体畸变。

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001). Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4 References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001).

5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine 是 DNA 中 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) 的氧化衍生物，引起DNA损伤反应，染色体畸变，复制叉损伤和细胞活力丧失。5-Hydroxymethyl-2’-deoxycytidine 复制叉不稳定性与染色质上聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶1（PARP1）的存在有关。

Methyl sinapate can increase the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the CHO K-1 cells treated with MMC, 4NQO or UV.

Pinocembrin and Ilicol inhibit root growth and show IC50 (root growth) values of 0.199, 14.68, 8.05, 7.69 mM, and 1.22, 2.90, 7.35, 8.07 mM, against P. miliaceum, A. sativa, L. sativa, and R. sativus, respectively. They reduce Allium cepa cell