IFN-al

IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 hydrochloride 是 IFN-α 和 IFNAR 相互作用的抑制剂。 IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 hydrochloride 抑制 BM-pDCs 的 MVA 诱导的 IFN-α 反应，IC50 为 2-8 μM。

IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 is a nonpeptidic, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of the interaction between IFN-α and IFNAR. It inhibits MVA-induced IFN-α responses by BM-pDCs (IC50: 2-8 μM).

Rontalizumab (RhuMab IFNalpha) 是一种中和 IFNalpha 的人源化单克隆抗体，可用于研究系统性红斑狼疮等神经系统疾病。

Benpyrine is a highly specific and orally active TNF-α inhibitor with a KD value of 82.1 μM. Benpyrine tightly binds to TNF-α and blocks its interaction with TNFR1, with an IC50 value of 0.109 μM. Benpyrine has the potential for TNF-α mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease research[1]. Benpyrine (5-20 μM; 14 hours; RAW264.7 cells) pretreatment results in a dose-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of IκBα in RAW264.7 cells (stimulated with 10 ng mL TNF-α or 1 μg mL LPS). Benpyrine abolishes the TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells[1].Benpyrine only blocks cell death induced by TNF-αWT and Y119A, and increases the cell survival rate up to 80%. Benpyrine does not obviously affect L57A- and Y59L-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells[1]. Benpyrine (25-50 mg kg; oral gavage; daily; for 2 weeks; Balb c mice) treatment significantly relieves the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. Benpyrine dose-dependently decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6, and increases the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10[1].Endotoxemia murine model shows that Benpyrine (25 mg kg) could attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammation, thereby reducing liver and lung injury[1]. [1]. Weiguang Sun, et al. Discovery of an Orally Active Small Molecule TNF-α Inhibitor. J Med Chem. 2020 Jul 15.

MSA-2 dimer is a selective, orally active non-nucleotide STING agonist (Kd=145 μM) with long-term antitumor and immunogenic activity. MSA-2 dimer is bound to STING as a non-covalent dimer exhibiting higher permeability than cyclic dinucleotide[1]. MSA-2 dimer (60 mg kg; p.o.; 50 days) inhibits tumor growth and prolongs overall survival[1]. MSA-2 dimer (40 mg kg; s.c.; 25 days) induces complete tumor regression[1].MSA-2 dimer (60 mg kg; p.o.; 4 hours) increases proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-β) level in tumors[1].MSA-2 dimer (60 mg kg; s.c.; 4 hours) concentrations is observed in tumors than in plasma or other nontumor tissues [1].MSA-2 dimer (THP-1 cells) induces phosphorylation of both TBK1 and IR. MSA-2 dimer (10 μM and 33 μM; macrophages) induces IFN-β[1].MSA-2 dimer also exhibits dose-dependent antitumor activity when administered by IT, SC, or PO routes[1]. [1]. Pan BS, et al. An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity. Science. 2020;369(6506):eaba6098.

PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 is the first potent IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) degrader that hijacks IDO1 to CRBN E3 ligase to introduce IDO1 into UPS and eventually achieve ubiquitination and degradation (DC50=2.84 μM). PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 moderately improves the tumor-killing activity of H ER2 CAR-T cells[1]. PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 (compound 2c) (10 μM; 24 hours) notably decreases IDO1 level induced by IFN-γ[1].PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 and IFN-γ (5 ng mL) are incubated with HeLa cells for 24 h, and a significant dose-dependent degradation is observed. PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 combined with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells can improve the tumor-killing activity of HER-2 CAR-T cells[1].PROTAC IDO1 Degrader-1 induces significant and persistent degradation of IDO1 with maximum degradation (dmax) of 93% in HeLa cells[1]. [1]. Hu M, et al. Discovery of the first potent proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020;10(10):1943-1953.

STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α β receptor (IFNAR).References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018). STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α β receptor (IFNAR). References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018).

STING18 is a competitive ligand of stimulator of interferon genes (STING; IC50 = 0.068 μM in a radioligand binding assay).1 It inhibits cGAMP-induced IFN-β production (IC50 = 11 μM) but does not stimulate IFN-β production (EC50 = >30 μM) in THP-1 cells. |1. Siu, T., Altman, M.D., Baltus, G.A., et al. Discovery of a novel cGAMP competitive ligand of the inactive form of STING. Med. Chem. Lett. 10(1), 92-97 (2019).