tnf-a-in-6

TNF-α-IN-6 is an orally efficacious allosteric inhibitor of TNFα ( K D = 6.8 nM).

3-Hydroxykynurenamine, also known as 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenamine or 3-HKA, is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1 NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

Linalool (Linalol) 是存在芫荽等植物中的单萜类天然产物，是竞争性NMDA 受体拮抗剂，具有抗肿瘤和抗心脏毒性的作用。它通过激活 Nrf2 诱导抗氧化防御和通过抑制 NF-κB 减少炎症反应来保护其免受 LPS GalN 诱导的肝损伤，具有镇痛、抗菌和抗炎的特性。

ABzOH 是一种苯甲酸衍生物，结构类似于阿司匹林等非甾体抗炎药，具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗增殖作用。ABzOH 不仅可以抑制肿瘤坏死因子- α (TNF-a)、白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)等促炎细胞因子的表达还对乳腺癌、肺癌和胰腺癌具有抑制作用。

CU-T12-9 是特异性 TLR1 2激动剂，可激活先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统。它选择性激活 TLR1 2 异二聚体，可通过促进 TLR1 和 TLR2 二聚而激活 NF-κB 信号，引起下游 TNF-α、IL-10 和 iNOS 增加。

4-Deoxypyridoxine hydrochloride 通过抑制 S1P 裂解酶 (SPL) 活性来抑制细胞内 S1P 的降解，与 S1P 一样，减少化学诱导的胰岛素瘤细胞系的细胞凋亡。

Beclomethasone 17-propionate (倍氯米松17-单丙酸盐)是一种糖皮质激素，是Beclomethasone dipropionate（BDP）的活性代谢产物。作为糖皮质激素受体 (GR) 激动剂，17-BMP的亲和力比BDP高13倍，抑制促炎细胞因子的产生，如CXCL8、TNFα和IL-6，从而发挥抗炎作用，主要用于治疗哮喘、过敏性鼻炎等。

Manumycin A 是一种具有抗癌活性的抗生素，是哺乳动物硫氧还蛋白还原酶-1 （TrxR-1） 抑制剂。Manumycin A 以剂量依赖性方式抑制 TNF α 刺激的 THP-1 细胞和外周血单核细胞中 IL-1β 、IL-6 和 IL-8 的产生，诱导细胞凋亡。

Sabialimon P (compound 16) 具抗炎功效，为一种有效的NO释放抑制剂（IC50=18.12 μM）。它可以显著抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞中TNF-α、iNOS、IL-6及NF-κB的产生，并减少COX-2与NF-κB p65的表达。

PDE1-IN-9 (Compound 7a) 为磷酸二酯酶 1 (PDE1) 的选择性抑制剂，其可抑制PDE1C，IC50为11 nM。PDE1-IN-9 能降低IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 和 iNOS的mRNA表达，并抑制一氧化氮 (NO) 和活性氧 (ROS) 的产生。此外，该化合物在大鼠肝微粒体中显示出良好的代谢稳定性。

COX-2 15-LOX-IN-6 (Compound 5l) 是一种同时抑制COX-2和15-LOX的抑制剂，其IC50分别为0.201 μM和11.723 μM。COX-2 15-LOX-IN-6 能有效抑制血清中的PGE、TNF-α、IL-6和iNOS表达，并在Carrageenan诱导的大鼠水肿模型中展现出抗炎活性。

CB2 receptor agonist 9 (Compound 33) 是一种有效的口服大麻素受体 2 (CB2 receptor) 激动剂，EC50 为 16.2 nM。CB2 receptor agonist 9 能抑制 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6 的表达，并在 DDS 诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎模型中显示抗炎活性。

SDMAp-hydroxyazobenzene-p′-sulfonate 是 SDMA 的对羟基偶氮苯-p′-磺酸盐衍生物，作为内源性一氧化氮合酶 (NO synthase) 的阻断剂。它也是 NF-κB 的激活剂，能够加强 IL-6 和 TNF-α 的表达。在血清和血浆中稳定，该化合物可以作为肝肾功能障碍的生物标志物使用。

NF-κB MAPK-IN-2 (compound 14) 是一种高效的NF-κB和MAPK通路抑制剂。该化合物可抑制 p-p65、p-IκB、p-p38、p-JNK 以及 p-ERK 的蛋白表达，并减少 LPS 诱导的 TNF-α 和 IL-6 的释放。此外，NF-κB MAPK-IN-2 还能抑制 p65 和 c-Fos 的核移位，显示出在脓毒症研究中的潜在应用价值。

HDAC6degrader-5 (Compound 6) 以 IC50 值为 4.95 nM 和 DC50 值为 0.96 nM 对 HDAC6 展现出抑制及降解作用。该化合物能抑制 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6 的释放，防止肝细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。在 APAP 诱导的小鼠肝损伤模型中，HDAC6degrader-5 表现出显著的抗炎活性。

EGFR-IN-144 (Compound 4B) 对EGFR (IC50=0.639 µg mL) 和微管蛋白聚合 (tubulin polymerization, IC50=7.339 µg mL) 展现出显著的抑制活性。它在多种癌细胞中表现出细胞毒性，GI50达到纳摩尔水平，并且能够下调 mTOR、TNF-α 和 IL-6 的表达，在 G1 S 期阻止细胞周期并诱导细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。

Acanthoic acid is a pimaradiene diterpene isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum with anti-inflammatory activities. Acanthoic acid downregulates LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in BALF, attenuates lung histopathologic changes, and inhibits infla

JTE-607 HCl 是高选择性的炎性细胞因子合成抑制剂，可保护小鼠免受内毒素休克。它作用于 LPS 刺激的人 PBMC，抑制TNF-α(IC50:11 nM)、IL-1β(IC50:5.9 nM)、IL-6(IC50:8.8 nM)、IL-8(IC50:7.3 nM)和IL-10(IC50:9.1 nM)。

Negletein (7-O-Methylbaicalein) 一种神经保护剂，可增强神经生长因子的作用并诱导 PC12 细胞中的神经突生长。它通过抑制TNF-α和IL-1β表现出抗炎活性，其 IC50值分别为 16.4 和 10.8 μM。它还具有抗菌、抗缺氧和抗阿尔茨海默病活性。

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

Semapimod tetrahydrochloride (CPSI-2364 tetrahydrochloride) 是一种合成鸟腙丝裂原活化蛋白激酶阻滞剂,也是促炎细胞因子生成抑制剂，干扰巨噬细胞和小胶质细胞功能。Semapimod tetrahydrochloride 可抑制 TLR4 信号传导，抑制 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6，可用于研究克罗恩病和其他炎症。

T-5342126 is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist.1It reduces LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells (IC50= 27.8 μM), as well as decreases LPS-induced IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 production in isolated human whole blood (IC50s = 110.5, 315.6, and 318.4 μM, respectively). T-5342126 (82 mg kg) reduces ethanol intake and the abundance of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), a marker of microglial activation, in the central nucleus of the amygdala in ethanol-dependent mice.2 1.Chavez, S.A., Martinko, A.J., Lau, C., et al.Development of β-amino alcohol derivatives that inhibit toll-like receptor 4 mediated inflammatory response as potential antisepticsJ. Med. Chem.54(13)4659-4669(2011) 2.Bajo, M., Montgomery, S.E., Cates, L.N., et al.Evaluation of TLR4 inhibitor, T5342126, in modulation of ethanol-drinking behavior in alcohol-dependent miceAlcohol Alcohol.51(5)541-548(2016)

Ansatrienin A is an ansamycin antibiotic and antifungal agent first isolated from S. collinus and S. rishiriensis. In fetal rat long bones, it is an inhibitor of parathyroid hormone-induced calcium release (IC50 = 64 nM), which is a measure of bone resorption, and pp60c-srcM kinase (IC50 = 100 nM). It also inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; IC50 = 570 nM). Early in vitro studies showed that ansatrienin A potentiates the chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil , cisplatin , bleomycin , mitomycin C , and 6-mercaptopurine. It is an oxidized form of ansatrienin B .

DCVC inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extra placental membranes in vitro.Target: TNF-αin vitro: DCVC inhibits pathogen stimulated cytokine release from tissue punch cultures. DCVC (5-50 μM) significantly inhibits LTA-, LPS-, and GBS-stimulated cytokine release from tissue cultures as early as 4 h (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TCA (up to 500 μM) does not inhibit LTA-stimulated cytokine release from tissue punches. DCVC effects on LTA-stimulated and LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from tissue punch cultures of extraplacental membranes. DCVC effects on GBS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from extraplacental membranes in transwell cultures. [1]. Boldenow E, et al. The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine but not trichloroacetate inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extraplacental membranes in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Apr;52:1-6. [2]. Lash LH, et al. Multigenerational study of chemically induced cytotoxicity and proliferation in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Nov 18;15(11):21348-65. [3]. Yoo HS, et al. Comparative analysis of the relationship between trichloroethylene metabolism and tissue-specific toxicity among inbred mouse strains: kidney effects. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2015;78(1):32-49.