phosphoglucose

6-Phosphogluconic acid 是竞争性的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶抑制剂，对6-磷酸果糖和6-磷酸葡萄糖和的 Ki 分别为 42 μM 和 48 μM。它属于人内源性代谢物。

Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt (UDP-Glucose sodium salt) 是一种内源性核苷酸糖，参与代谢中的糖基转移酶反应。它是 P2Y14 受体的激动剂，EC50为 0.35 μM。

ADP-Glucose (ADPG) is an immediate precursor used in the biosynthesis, by glucose addition, of storage polysaccharides in plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria, as well as structural polysaccharides in certain bacteria.[1],[2] It is used by amylose synthases or starch synthases in plastids in the production of amylose, amylopectins, starch, and other polysaccharides. ADPG is normally generated within plastids, although it can be biosynthesized in the cytoplasm of certain grasses and imported into plastids by a membrane-bound transporter.[3]

2-deoxy-D-Glucose-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by GC- or LC-MS. 2-deoxy-D-Glucose is a glucose antimetabolite and an inhibitor of glycolysis.1,2It inhibits hexokinase, the enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, as well as phosphoglucose isomerase, the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.32-deoxy-D-Glucose (16 mM) induces apoptosis in SK-BR-3 cells, as well as inhibits the growth of 143B osteosarcoma cells cultured under hypoxic conditions when used at a concentration of 2 mg ml.4,5In vivo, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (500 mg kg) reduces tumor growth in 143B osteosarcoma and MV522 non-small cell lung cancer mouse xenograft models when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin or paclitaxel .6 1.Kang, H.T., and Hwang, E.S.2-Deoxyglucose: An anticancer and antiviral therapeutic, but not any more a low glucose mimeticLife Sci.78(12)1392-1399(2006) 2.Aft, R.L., Zhang, F.W., and Gius, D.Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a chemotherapeutic agent: Mechanism of cell deathBr. J. Cancer87(7)805-812(2002) 3.Ralser, M., Wamelink, M.M., Struys, E.A., et al.A catabolic block does not sufficiently explain how 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits cell growthProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA105(46)17807-17811(2008) 4.Liu, H., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.Hypoxia increases tumor cell sensitivity to glycolytic inhibitors: A strategy for solid tumor therapy (Model C)Biochem. Pharmacol.64(12)1745-1751(2002) 5.Zhang, X.D., Deslandes, E., Villedieu, M., et al.Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on various malignant cell lines in vitroAnticancer Res.26(5A)3561-3566(2006) 6.Maschek, G., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.2-deoxy-D-glucose increases the efficacy of adriamycin and paclitaxel in human osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancers in vivoCancer Res.64(1)31-34(2004)

RmlA-IN-2 是 1-磷酸葡萄糖胸苷转移酶 (RmlA) 的有效抑制剂 (IC50: 0.303 μM)。RmlA-IN-2 能够影响单糖 l-鼠李糖生物合成途径，并影响细菌细胞壁通透性。

Paromomycin (Sulfate Salt) is an aminoglycoside that is active against Gram-negative and many Gram-positive bacteria as well as some protozoa and cestodes. Paromomycin in combination with sodium stibogluconate has proven to be effective in African and Indian VL (visceral leishmaniasis) and improves survival in African VL[3]. PS (Paromomycin Sulfate) is effective for elimination of B. coli without hematological side effects[4]. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase was slightly inhibited by 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were not inhibited[5]. In addition, with regard to correlation of endotoxemia with renal impairment, endogenous creatinine clearance and p-aminohippurate clearance were significantly improved (P less than 0.02) in those patients whose endotoxemia disappeared on paromomycin sulfate administration. Paromomycin sulfate seems to be effective in the prevention of endotoxemia and the associated renal impairment in cirrhosis in man[6]. Significantly higher frequencies of resistance to paromomycin, kanamycin, neomycin and tobramycin were observed in S. aureus isolates from PS (paromomycin supplemented) birds. Paromomycin supplementation resulted in resistance to aminoglycosides in bacteria of PS turkeys. Co-selection for resistance to other antimicrobial agents was observed in E. coli isolates[7].

Glucose 6-phosphate isomeras (GPI) 葡萄糖 6-磷酸异构酶，即磷酸葡萄糖异构酶 磷酸葡萄糖异构酶 (PGI) 或磷酸己糖异构酶 (PHI)，常用于生化研究。Glucose 6-phosphate isomeras 是一种高度保守的糖酵解酶和二聚酶。Glucose 6-phosphate isomeras 催化葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构成果糖-6-磷酸。

D-Fructose 6-phosphate dipotassium 是唾液中的一种内源代谢物，参与影响细胞生长和自噬，并可以通过 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) 水解获得。在磷酸葡萄糖异构酶的催化下，可以转化为 D-glucose 6-phosphate (HY-112537)。作为糖酵解 (Glycolysis) 途径与磷酸戊糖途径 (Pentose Phosphate Pathway) 的糖中间体，D-Fructose 6-phosphate dipotassium 可用于研究路易体痴呆。