lewis

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-10 是一种口服有效的PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂 (IC50值为2.7 nM)，显示出抗肿瘤活性。

Sialyl-Lewis X (sLeX), a sialylated fucosylated tetrasaccharide and endogenous antigen, serves as a high-affinity ligand for selectins (E-, P-, and L-selectin)[1]. It interacts with ELAM-1 and CD62, consequently inhibiting CD62-mediated neutrophil recruitment to inflammation sites[2].

Lewis Y tetrasaccharide (Lewis Y, LeY) 是Lewis X trisaccharide 的四糖衍生物。Lewis Y tetrasaccharide 是一种与恶性卵巢癌转移和预后不良相关的抗原。

Sialyl Lewis X-Lactose 是一种生化试剂，可作为生物材料或有机化合物，用于生命科学相关研究。

Lewis a trisaccharide 是精子聚糖结构和 HL-60 细胞表面聚糖结构的主要组分。

Lewis X Trisaccharide, Methyl Glycoside 是一类生化试剂，广泛应用于糖生物学的研究。糖生物学主要研究糖类的结构、合成、生物学特性以及它们的进化。该领域涉及碳水化合物的化学特性、聚糖的形成和降解的酶学过程、蛋白质与聚糖的相互识别，以及聚糖在生物系统中的功能。此研究领域与基础科学、生物医学以及生物技术密切相关。

Lewis-b tetrasaccharide 是一种用于糖生物学研究的生化试剂。糖生物学研究糖分子的结构、合成、生物功能及其演化过程，涉及碳水化合物化学、聚糖合成与降解酶学、蛋白质-聚糖识别机制以及聚糖在生物系统中的功能角色。该领域与基础研究、生物医学及生物技术息息相关。

N-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-5,6-Dihydroxy-1-oxo-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-(((2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexan-2-yl)acetamide 是一种天然产物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究。其产品编号为 T65274，CAS号为 71208-06-5。

Sialyl Lewis A sodium (SLeA sodium) 是一种碳水化合物型抗原，被认为是肿瘤标志物，并且在多种肿瘤细胞（如宫颈癌、人胰腺癌和结肠癌细胞）中表现出上调。它在肿瘤细胞的迁移和粘附中起到重要作用。此外，Sialyl Lewis A sodium 的高表达可能与妊娠异常有关。

Oglufanide (H-Glu-Trp-OH) 是一种从小牛胸腺中分离出来的二肽免疫调节剂，可抑制血管内皮生长因子，可刺激细胞内细菌感染和对丙型肝炎病毒的免疫反应。

N′-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-N-nitrosourea 具有抗肿瘤活性，可用于治疗 Lewis 肺癌和结肠肿瘤。

Sulfur trioxide-Triethylamine complex是一种路易斯酸碱加合物，常用作磺化剂或路易斯酸催化剂，广泛应用于生物化学实验和药物合成研究。

ERK-MYD88 interaction inhibitor 1 是一种有效的 ERK-MYD88 相互作用抑制剂，能够在 Lewis 肺癌小鼠模型中激发抗肿瘤 T 细胞反应，显示出抗肿瘤活性。该化合物能诱导 HRI 介导的综合应激反应 (ISR)，进而引发癌细胞特异性的免疫原性细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。

PLD1 inhibitor是一种磷脂酶D1 (PLD1) 的抑制剂。在PLD1过表达的A549细胞中抑制PLD活性（IC50 = 1.97 µM）。PLD1 inhibitor降低A549肺癌和HCT116结直肠癌细胞的活力（IC50分别为18和29 µM）。它还抑制A549细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭，并诱导这些细胞的凋亡。在小鼠Lewis肺癌模型中，PLD1 inhibitor (10 mg/kg，每隔一天) 可减少肿瘤生长，诱导肿瘤内凋亡，并降低Ras、CD47、CD24和程序性死亡配体1 (PD-L1) 的水平。

A2G2F2 glycan (A2G2F2(a1-3) glycan) 是一种含有两个 Lewis X 表位的对称 N-聚糖。SLeX 作为细胞粘附分子 E-选择素 (E-selectin) 的配体，在炎症病变位置特异性表达。通过设计 SLeX-多糖偶联物，可实现药物精确递送至炎症区域。

PI3Kδ-IN-25 是一种口服活性的选择性 PI3Kδ 抑制剂，其 IC50 为 2.1 nM。它对 PI3Kα、PI3Kγ、PI3Kβ 的 IC50 分别为 272、285 和 1171 nM。PI3Kδ-IN-25 在 B16F10 细胞中抑制 AKTSer473 的磷酸化，减少 Treg 细胞的增殖，并下调 PD-L1 的表达。在 B16F10 黑色素瘤与 Lewis 肺癌小鼠模型中，该化合物通过减少肿瘤浸润的 Treg 细胞并增强免疫反应显示出抗癌活性。PI3Kδ-IN-25 被用于黑色素瘤、肺癌等癌症的研究。

Chloroxoquinoline 是一种抗癌剂，能够破坏癌细胞的DNA模板，诱导DNA断裂和细胞死亡，并通过下调Rho/Rho kinase信号通路抑制细胞侵袭。在荷瘤小鼠模型中，它增强了Lewis肺癌细胞和异种移植瘤的放射敏感性。然而，在大鼠模型中，Chloroxoquinoline 对CYP1A和CYP3A产生自诱导作用，经过长期暴露后导致疗效降低。Chloroxoquinoline 表现出广谱抗癌活性，针对非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)、乳腺癌和胃癌等多种癌症有效。

NOD1/2 antagonist-2 (Compound 26BH) 是一种同时作用于NOD1和NOD2的拮抗剂，其中对NOD1的IC50值为2.36 μM，对NOD2的IC50值为4.16 μM。NOD1/2 antagonist-2 能够抑制NF-κB和MAPK炎症信号通路，从而增强Paclitaxel抑制Lewis肺癌生长的效果。

Zinc chloride (Dichlorozinc) 作为一种路易斯酸，常被用作化学反应中的催化促进剂。在生物体系中，Zinc chloride 能够增强DNA的合成能力，并驱动细胞周期由G1期向S期顺利过渡。当浓度升高时，Zinc chloride 可诱发细胞发生凋亡与坏死两种死亡形式，同时削弱细胞的迁移运动能力，并抑制其增殖活性。此外，Zinc chloride 还可刺激活性氧的大量产生，造成线粒体膜电位的稳定性下降，进而促进细胞色素c向胞质中释放，最终使感光细胞内的ATP生成水平明显降低。

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin A1 是一种前列腺素类似物，可以抑制 Lewis 肺癌和 B 16无黑色素瘤细胞中的 DNA 合成 (DNA synthesis)，以及抑制 HSV 和 HIV-1的病毒复制。

D-Lysine lactam是一种手性成分，可用于生物化学实验和药物合成研究。

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).

TAS-103 is a dual inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I/II, used for cancer research. TAS-103 is a dual inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I/II. TAS-103 (0.1-10 μM) is active on CCRF-CEM cells, with an IC50 value of 5 nM. TAS-103 (0.1 μM) significantly increases levels of topo IIα FITC immunofluorescence in individual CCRF-CEM cells[1]. TAS-103 (0.01-1 μM) is highly cytotoxic to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, and Liposomal TAS-103 is almost as active as free TAS-103[2]. TAS-103 inhibits the viability of HeLa cells, with an IC50 of 40 nM. TAS-103 (10 μM) disrupts signal recognition particle (SRP) complex formation, and induces destabilization of SRP14 and SRP19 and its eventual degradation[3]. TAS-103 (30 mg/kg, i.v.) causes significant tumor growth suppression in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, without obvious body weight loss, and the liposomal TAS-103 is more active than free TAS-103[2]. [1]. Padget K, et al. An investigation into the formation of N- [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide (DACA) and 6-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]- 3-hydroxy-7H-indeno[2, 1-C]quinolin-7-one dihydrochloride (TAS-103) stabilised DNA topoisomerase I and II cleavable complexes in human leukaemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 15;60(6):817-21. [2]. Shimizu K, et al. Cancer chemotherapy by liposomal 6-[12-(dimethylamino)ethyl]aminol-3-hydroxy-7H-indeno[2,1-clquinolin-7-one dihydrochloride (TAS-103), a novel anti-cancer agent. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Oct;25(10):1385-7. [3]. Yoshida M, et al. A new mechanism of 6-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-3-hydroxy-7H-indeno(2,1-c)quinolin-7-one dihydrochloride (TAS-103) action discovered by target screening with drug-immobilized affinity beads. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;73(3):987-94. Epub 2007 Dec 18.