ileum

Glyco-obeticholic acid 是一种牛磺酸的特性代谢物。Obeticholic Acid 是口服具有活性的法尼样 X 受体激动剂。

Tauro-Obeticholic acid 是一种牛磺酸的特性代谢物。Obeticholic Acid 是口服具有活性的法尼样 X 受体激动剂。

MK 571 (L660711) 是一种具有口服活性的 CysLT1 受体拮抗剂。

AS-35 是一种可口服且具有选择性和高效性的 leukotrienes 拮抗剂，抑制 LTC4，LTD4 和 LTE4 诱导的回肠收缩。AS-35 具有抗过敏作用，抑制白三烯合成。

mTOR HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 50) 是一个具有选择性的mTOR 和HDAC 双重抑制剂，对mTOR 和HDAC1的IC50分别为0.49和0.91 nM。 mTOR HDAC-IN-1 可作为抗癌活性分子 （anti-cancer） 进行研究。该化合物的粉末形式不稳定，建议选择其他盐形式产品。

S 0960 是一种二聚体胆汁酸类似物，是回肠中顶端钠依赖性胆盐转运蛋白的特异性抑制剂，可用于研究代谢疾病。

Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) 是一种苯丙类化合物，存在于植物叶子、果实、根茎中，当植物相应的部位因食草动物进食而受损时，就会释放。它可用于消灭雄性东方果蝇。

Bencycloquidium Bromide is a muscarinic M3 antagonist. Bencycloquidium bromide inhibits nasal hypersecretion in a rat model of allergic rhinitis. Bencycloquidium Bromide showed high affinity toward the M(3) receptor in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (M(1) pKi=7.86, M(2) pKi=7.21, M(3) pKi=8.21); pA(2)=8.85, 8.71 and 8.57 in methacholine-induced contraction of trachea, ileum and urinary bladder, 8.19 in methacholine-induced bradycardia of right atrium in vitro, respectively.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommened.

Rupatadine(UR-12592,卢帕他定)是一种有效和可口服的PAF和组胺H1受体的双重拮抗剂，Ki 值分别为 0.55 μM 和 0.1 μM，能够缓解过敏症状并抗炎，可用于过敏性鼻炎和慢性荨麻疹。

AM9405是一种新型的外周活性大麻素1型 (CB1)和5-羟色胺3型受体激动剂。 AM9405抑制回肠和结肠的抽搐收缩，IC50分别为45.71 和 0.076 nM。AM9405 在生理条件下显着减缓小鼠肠道蠕动.

Glycolic acid oxidase inhibitor 1（compound 2 in table 1）是一种乙醇酸氧化酶 (glycolate oxidase) 抑制剂,从而减少肾结石的形成风险。还能够抑制由过敏反应引起的慢反应物质（SRS-A）引起的豚鼠回肠收缩，对过敏性疾病，如哮喘，具有治疗潜力。

Rivanicline hemioxalate (RJR-2403 hemioxalate; (E)-Metanicotine hemioxalate) 是一种神经元烟碱受体 (neuronal nicotinic receptor) 激动剂，对 α4β2 亚型有高度选择性(Ki= 26 nM)，比对于 α7 受体的选择性高1000倍(Ki=3.6 μM)。

ROS 234 dioxalate is a potent antagonist of H3(pKB of 9.46 for Guinea-pig ileum H3-receptor)

ANO1-IN-4 (Compound 10bm) 是一种针对钙激活氯离子通道跨膜蛋白 16A（TMEM16A，也称为ANO1）的可逆抑制剂，IC50为 0.030 µM。ANO1-IN-4 在大鼠肝微粒体中展示出优良的代谢稳定性。此外，ANO1-IN-4 能够抑制小鼠离体回肠的自发收缩。

(-)-9-Hydroxycorynantheidine (9-O-Desmethyl mitragynine) 是 Mitragynine 的 9-去甲基类似物，属于 μ-阿片受体 (μ-opioid receptor) 的选择性和部分激动剂。该化合物能够抑制豚鼠回肠的电刺激抽搐收缩。

SR2640 是一种高效且高度选择性的 LTD4 LTE4 拮抗剂，以浓度依赖性方式专一抑制LTD4引发的豚鼠回肠及气管平滑肌收缩，而不影响组胺引起的收缩反应。此化合物阻止0.4 nM [3H]LTD4与豚鼠肺组织膜受体的结合，IC50为23 nM。SR2640 使得静脉注射LTD4在豚鼠中诱发的支气管收缩剂量-效应曲线平行右移，位移程度与SR2640的剂量呈正相关。SR2640 可用于哮喘研究。

Phaclofen (3-Amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanephosphonic acid) 是一种选择性 GABAB receptor 拮抗剂，可部分拮抗（-）-巴氯芬的镇静作用，可逆地拮抗巴氯芬或GABA对豚鼠回肠和远端结肠胆碱能抽搐反应的抑制，可用于研究神进系统疾病。

Btm 1042 is an antispasmodic drug. It has been found to depress twitch responses in the ileum of guinea pigs.

Delequamine HCl is a potent and selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Delequamine HCl has a pKi of 9.45 for alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the rat cortex (pA2 in the guinea-pig ileum of 9.72).

ML 1035 is a benzamide that elicits contractions from guinea-pig non-stimulated ileum.

TMB 8 is a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with IC50 values of 390 and 350 nM, respectively, for human muscle-type and α3β4 subunit-containing ganglionic nAChRs expressed in TE671 RD or SH-SY5Y cells. It inhibits nicotine-induced dopamine release from rat brain synaptosomes (IC50 = 480 nM). TMB 8 also reduces calcium availability in smooth and skeletal muscle, blocking the contractile response in isolated rabbit aortic strip when used at a concentration of 50 μM and inhibiting calcium influx and efflux in isolated guinea pig ileum when used at a concentration of 65 μM. It has been used in the study of intracellular calcium dynamics, particularly in smooth muscle. TMB 8 also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity in a dose-dependent manner.

Olsalazine-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of olsalazine by GC- or LC-MS. Olsalazine is an orally bioavailable prodrug form of the anti-inflammatory agent 5-aminosalicylic acid that is cleaved by bacterial azo reductases in the gut to generate active 5-ASA.1In vitro, olsalazine increases ion transport in isolated rabbit distal ileum when applied to the luminal side (ED50= 0.3 mM) and stimulates fluid transport in rat jejunum when used at a concentration of 5 mM.2,3Olsalazine (150 mg/kg for 8 days) improves stool consistency and decreases occult and gross bleeding as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and leukotriene B4levels in colon tissue in a mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate .4Olsalazine also inhibits bovine xanthine oxidasein vitro(IC50= 3.4 mg/L) and lowers serum uric acid levels in a mouse model of hyperuricemia induced by oxonic acid when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.5Formulations containing olsalazine have been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis. 1.Nugent, S.G., Kumar, D., Rampton, D.S., et al.Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: Possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugsGut48(4)571-577(2001) 2.Pamukcu, R., Hanauer, S.B., and Chang, E.B.Effect of disodium azodisalicylate on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum and colon in vitro. Comparison with sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acidGastroenterology95(4)975-981(1988) 3.Mohsen, A.Q.M., Mulvey, D., Priddle, J.D., et al.Effects of olsalazine in the jejunum of the ratGut28(3)346-352(1987) 4.Murthy, S., Murthy, N.S., Coppola, D., et al.The efficacy of BAY y 1015 in dextran sulfate model of mouse colitisInflamm. Res.46(6)224-233(1997) 5.Niu, Y., Li, H., Gao, L., et al.Old drug, new indication: Olsalazine sodium reduced serum uric acid levels in mice via inhibiting xanthine oxidoreductase activityJ. Pharmacol. Sci.135(3)114-120(2017)

CCK (27-33) is a C-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. Non-sulfated CCK (27-33) inhibits binding of [3H]naloxone in rat cerebellum membranes (IC50 = 4 uM) and inhibits electrically-stimulated contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (IC50 = 17 uM), an effect that can be reversed by naloxone. Unlike sulfated CCK (27-33), the non-sulfated form does not reduce exploratory behavior in mice when administered at doses up to 1 uMol/kg.

14,15-Leukotriene D4 (14,15-LTD4) is a member of an alternate class of LTs synthesized by a pathway involving the dual actions of 15- and 12-lipoxygenases (15- and 12-LOs) on arachidonic acid via 15-HpETE and 14,15-LTA4 intermediates. 14,15-LTD4 is classified as an eoxin (EXD4), because it is formed mostly by eosinophils. However, mast cells and nasal polyps can synthesize 14,15-LTD4 as well. Little is known about the physiological actions of 14,15-LTD4. It has weak contractile activity on both guinea pig ileum and pulmonary parenchyma in contrast to the effects of 5-LO-derived LTs. However, in an in vitro permeability assay, 14,15-LTD4 can increase vascular permeability of human endothelial cell monolayers, with similar potency to that of 5-LO-derived LTs, resulting in plasma leakage, a hallmark of inflammation.