brain-derived

Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (brain-derived aFGF) (1-11) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived aFGF. Brain-derived aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. aFGF (1-11) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-11 of the full length peptide.

Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (102-111) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. It also shares sequence homology with the known neuropeptides neuromedin C , bombesin , neuromedin K , substance K , substance P , physalaemin, and eledoisin. aFGF (102-111) corresponds to amino acid residues 102-111 of the fulllength peptide.

Brain-derived basic fibroblast growth factor (1-24) (brain-derived bFGF) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived bFGF. bFGF is a peptide produced in bovine brain that is protective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. bFGF (1-24) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-24 of the full length peptide.

Moclobemide (Ro111163) 是可逆的、可透过血脑屏障的单胺氧化酶 (MAO-A) 抑制剂，能够抑制 hMAO-A (IC50=6.061 μM)。它上调慢性应激小鼠海马祖细胞的增殖。

Brain Derived BasicFibroblast Growth Factor(1-24) (FGF basic 1-24) 是一种合成肽，表现出抗细菌和抗HBV 的活性。Brain Derived BasicFibroblast Growth Factor(1-24) 可用于感染性疾病和免疫性疾病的研究。

Sonlicromanol hydrochloride (KH176 hydrochloride) 是可透过血脑屏障的 ROS-redox 调节剂，具有潜在的抗癌活性， 可改善 iPSC 衍生神经元中与 m.3243A>G 异质相关的神经元网络功能障碍和转录组变化，可用于治疗线粒体疾病。

4-Methylcatechol (3,4-Dihydroxytoluene) 是 p-toluate 的代谢物，它是 Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase 的自杀性底物抑制剂。

Pramiracetam (CI-879) 来源于piracetam，能改善脑外伤引起的认知障碍。它是更有效的促智药物。

ON123300 是一种可透过血脑屏障的多激酶抑制剂，作用于 CDK4、CDK6、Ark5、PDGFRβ、FGFR1、RET 和 Fyn，IC50值为3.9、9.82、5、26、26、9.2和11 nM。它在脑肿瘤中抑制 Akt 磷酸化及激活 Erk。

Hemopressin (rat) acetate(568588-77-2 free base) 是一种衍生自血红蛋白 α1 链的九肽，起初是从大鼠脑匀浆中分离出来的。 Hemopressin 是 CB2 大麻素受体的口服活性、选择性和反向激动剂。 Hemopressin 在炎性疼痛模型中发挥镇痛作用。

Tandutinib (CT53518) 是一种选择性 FLT3抑制剂，其 IC50为 0.22 μM。它还抑制c-Kit 和PDGFR，其IC50分别为 0.17 μM 和 0.20 μM。它可穿透血脑屏障，用于急性骨髓性白血病。

tau-0N4R-IN-1（Compound 6T）作为一种穿透脑屏障的抑制剂，能够抑制tau 0N4R、2N3R及2N4R的纤维化。该化合物具有显著的抗播种效应，在体外能够剂量依赖地减少α-syn的寡聚，并阻止α-syn包涵体的形成。在小鼠微粒体中表现出稳定性，并能减少AD患者脑组织中的Aβ斑块。此外，tau-0N4R-IN-1在小鼠体内展示出优良的药代动力学特性。

BNN-20 作为合成微神经营养因子，仿效脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 的功能，能特定区域地提供强效的神经保护并促进神经发生。此化合物适用于关于帕金森病的研究领域。

CGP 56999A is an antagonist of GABA(B) receptor, it enhances expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and attenuates dopamine depletion in the rat corpus striatum.

Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)10(11)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 10,11-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord, as well as human serum, and acts as a substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 5.1 μM. (±)10(11)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA are reported to demonstrate antihyperalgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and to potently inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in in vitro assays.

Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)13(14)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 13,14-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord and is a preferred substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 3.2 μM. (±)13(14)-EpDPA demonstrates antihyperalgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. (±)13(14)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA are also reported to potently inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in in vitro assays.

Reduced haloperidol is an active metabolite of haloperidol . It is formed via reduction of haloperidol by ketone reductase. Reduced haloperidol inhibits radioligand binding to sigma-1 and dopamine D2 receptors (Kis = 1.4 and 31 nM, respectively) and stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion from CCF-SSTG1 and U87MG astrocytic glial cells. It also inhibits norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake (Kis = 21, 25, and 33 μM, respectively, in COS-7 cells expressing the human transporters). Reduced haloperidol (0.5 mg kg) increases latency to paw withdrawal in mouse models of capsaicin- but not force-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.

The acyl amides are a family of endogenous lipids that act as potent modulators of pain and inflammation. The best characterized members of this family are the arachidonoyl amides, which includes N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; anandamide). N-palmitoyl glycine (PalGly) contains an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid that is amide-linked to glycine and is structurally similar to the phospholipid-derived N-acyl ethanolamines. Endogenously produced in rat skin and spinal cord, PalGly is present in 100-fold greater amounts in skin and 3-fold greater in brain compared to AEA. Injection of 0.43 μg PalGly in rat hindpaw inhibits heat-induced firing of nociceptive neurons in rat dorsal horn. PalGly treatment induces transient calcium influx in native dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and in the PTX-sensitive, DRG-like cell line F-11 (EC50 = 5.5 μM).

Docosahexaenoic acid is a nutritionally-derived ω-3 fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and the retina and is thought to be important in early development and for therapeutic approaches to inflammatory disorders and cancer. 14(S)-HDHA is an oxygenation product of DHA that serves as a precursor to maresin 1 , an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediator that prevents polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and stimulates macrophage phagocytosis. At doses as low as 0.2 ng/mouse 14(S)-HDHA administration resulted in reduced infiltration of PMNs into sites of inflammation.

C18 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from lactosylceramide . It inhibits aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10008014) when used at a concentration of 1 μM. C18 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. C18 globotriaosylceramide also accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease.

Resolvins are a family of potent lipid mediators derived from both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid . [1] In addition to being anti-inflammatory, resolvins promote the resolution of the inflammatory response back to a non-inflamed state.[2] Resolvin D5 (RvD5) is a DHA-derived resolvin generated by a double dioxygenation mechanism.[3] RvD5 has been identified in media from ionophore-stimulated trout brain cells, in human synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and in exudates of bacterial infections in mice. [4][5][6] RvD5 stimulates the phagocytosis of E. coli by human macrophages, and RvD5 methyl ester enhances bacterial killing in mice inoculated with E. coli. [6] Analytical and biological comparisons of synthetic RvD5 with endogenously derived RvD5 have confirmed its identity as matching the natural product.[7]

Ganglioside GM2 asialo (asialo- GM2) is a glycosphingolipid containing three monosaccharide residues and a fatty acid of variable chain length but lacking the sialic acid residue present on ganglioside M2. Asialo-GM2 levels are low-to-undetectable in normal human brain, but it accumulates in the brain of patients with Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, which are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by deficiency of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase A and B, respectively. It also binds to various bacteria, including Pseudomonas isolates derived from cystic fibrosis patients. Asialo-GM2 mixture contains ganglioside GM2 asialo molecular species with fatty acyl chains of variable lengths.

N-Acylated ethanolamines (NAE) are naturally-occurring lipids that have diverse bioactivities. For example, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) is an endogenous neurotransmitter that evokes cellular responses by activating the cannabinoid receptors, central cannabinoid (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid (CB2). The different types of NAE are derived from glycerophospho-linked precursors by the activity of glycerophosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1). Glycerophospho-N-palmitoyl ethanolamine (GP-NPEA) is the metabolic precursor of palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA). PEA is an endogenous cannabinoid found in brain, liver, and other mammalian tissues, that has potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. PEA has low affinity for peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) and no appreciable affinity for central cannabinoid (CB1), suggesting that its efficacy is through a different receptor.

NT1-O12B, an endogenous neurotransmitter-derived lipidoid (NT-lipidoid), serves as a highly efficient carrier for enhancing the transportation of various blood-brain barrier (BBB)-impermeable cargos to the brain. Incorporating NT1-O12B into BBB-impermeable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) enables these LNPs to effectively traverse the BBB. In addition to enabling cargo passage through the BBB, NT-lipidoid formulations facilitate efficient delivery of the cargo into neuronal cells for purposes such as functional gene silencing or gene recombination[1].