b. subtilis

Roseoflavin 是天然色素，起初分离自Streptomyces davawensis。Roseoflavin 是核黄素和黄素单核苷酸的抗代谢类似物，显示出抗菌活性。

Dulcisxanthone B是一种发现于Garcinia dulcis的天然产物，具有抗菌活性，能够抑制B. subtilis，P. aeruginosa，和S. aureus。

Violacein is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from C. violaceum that has antibacterial and antiprotozoal activities.[1] [2] It is produced by C. violaceum as a purple pigment in response to N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone , a property that has been modified to create a strain of C. violaceum used in detecting quorum-sensing molecules.[3] Violacein is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including B. subtilis and S. aureus (MICs = 0.8 and 1.6 µM, respectively). It is also active against P. falciparum, including chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant strains (IC50s = 0.85 and 0.63 µM, respectively).[2] It reduces parasitemia in a mouse model of nonlethal P. chabaudi chabaudi infection when administered at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg and increases survival in a mouse model of lethal P. chabaudi chabaudi infection. Violacein permeabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells but does not affect the cell wall.[1]

17-hydroxy Venturicidin A is a macrolide fungal metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces. It has antibiotic activity against M. luteus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus and antifungal activity against V. dahlia, Fusarium, and C. tropicalis in a disc assay.

Linearmycin A是一种发现于链霉菌的多烯类抗生素，对S. aureus，E. coli，B. subtilis，S. cerevisiae，C. albicans，A. niger等细菌和真菌具有抑制活性。

Terpendole I is a fungal metabolite that has been found in A. yamanashiensis.1 It is a weak inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 145 μM) and is active against the bacteria B. cereus and B. subtilis (MICs = 100 μg/ml for both) but not S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, or K. pneumoniae (MICs = >200 μg/ml for all) or the fungus C. albicans (MIC = 200 μg/ml).1,2 It is cytotoxic to HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 52.6 μM.3 |1. Tomoda, H., Tabata, N., Yang, D.-J., et al. Terpendoles, novel ACAT inhibitors produced by Albophoma yamanashiensis. III. Production, isolation and structure elucidation of new components. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48(8), 793-804 (1995).|2. Zhao, J.-C., Wang, Y.-L., Zhang, T.-Y., et al. Indole diterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Drechmeria sp. as natural antimicrobial agents. Phytochemistry 148, 21-28 (2018).|3. Nagumo, Y., Motoyama, T., Hayashi, T., et al. Structure-activity relationships of terpendole E and its natural derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2(4), 1533-1536 (2017).

Pachybasin 是一种蒽醌真菌代谢物。 Pachybasin 对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、M. luteus、S. cerevisiae、C. albicans、A. niger 和 A. flavus 具有抗菌活性，MIC 值为 64.0 μg/mL，对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性 和尖孢镰刀菌，MIC 值分别为 32.0 和 16.0 μg/mL。

Aranorosin is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from P. roseus. It has antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, A. niger, and C. albicans when used at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Aranorosin also reduces viability in apoptosis-resistant HeLa/Bcl-2 cells.

(+)-Macrosphelide A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Microsphaeropsis. It inhibits adhesion of HL-60 human leukemia cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner. It also inhibits the growth of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. (+)-Macrosphelide A inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, including B. subtilis, M. luteus, B. thuringiensis, and S. aureus (MICs = 143, 143, 57, and 57 μg/ml, respectively), but not Gram-negative bacteria or fungi.

Nybomycin is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces sp. A717 and has antibacterial activity. It is active against B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. mycoides, M. smegmatis, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.025, 2, 0.8, 0.2, and 0.003 μg/ml, respectively). Nybomycin is also active against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis (MICs = 4.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively).

Neohydroxyaspergillic acid is a fungal metabolite produced by A. sclerotiorum that has antibiotic and antifungal activities. It inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa, M. smegmatis, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, B. mycoides, and B. subtilis bacteria (MICs = 125-500 μg/ml). Neohydroxyaspergillic acid also inhibits the growth of G. convolute, S. consortiale, P. blakesleeanus, C. globosum, and T. mentagrophytes (MICs = 175-700 μg/ml) but not A. niger, P. notatum, M. verrucaria, or S. cerevisiae fungi.

Phanerosporic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite originally isolated from P. chrysosporum that has antibacterial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. coli and antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae, A. niger, O. ulmi, U. maydis, C. cucmerinum, C. cladosporioides, and B. cinerea.1 It has been used in the synthesis of macrolide derivatives.References1. Arnone, A., Assante, G., Nasini, G., et al. Phanerosporic acid, a β-resorcylate obtained from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Phytochemistry 28(10), 2803-2806 (1989). Phanerosporic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite originally isolated from P. chrysosporum that has antibacterial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. coli and antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae, A. niger, O. ulmi, U. maydis, C. cucmerinum, C. cladosporioides, and B. cinerea.1 It has been used in the synthesis of macrolide derivatives. References1. Arnone, A., Assante, G., Nasini, G., et al. Phanerosporic acid, a β-resorcylate obtained from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Phytochemistry 28(10), 2803-2806 (1989).

Uvaretin demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (EC50: 8.7 μM) and S. epidermidis (IC50: 7.9 μM).

Isouvaretin demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. epidermidis.

GKK1032B is a fungal metabolite that has antiproliferative and antibacterial activities. GKK1032B inhibits the growth of HeLa S3 cervical and MCF-7 breast cancer cells and Vero cells. It also inhibits the growth of B. subtilis and M. tuberculosis.

Kumbicin C inhibits the growth of NS-1 mouse myeloma cells (IC50 = 0.74 μg/ml) and the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis (MIC = 1.6 μg/ml).

Angustifoline hydrochloride是从狭叶狼疮(Lupinus angustifolius L.)的生物碱提取物中分离出的一种生物碱，展现出对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌的抑制作用，证明了其抗菌活性。

(8'α,9'β-Dihydroxy)-3-farnesylindole 对枯草芽孢杆菌具有较强的抑制活性（EC509.8μM）。

MCF为源自蜂毒的抗菌肽，对E.coli W 160-37、S.aureus 8530及B.subtilis展现出抗菌活性，其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值分别为E.coli W 160-37为35-45 μg/ml，S.aureus 8530为25-35 μg/ml，及B.subtilis为15-25 μg/ml。

Bactobolin A 是一种最初从 Pseudomonas 中分离出的微生物代谢产物，具有抗生素和抗癌活性。它对 S. aureus、S. epidermidis、S. faecalis、B. anthracis、B. subtilis、E. coli、S. typhi 和 S. dysenteriae 活跃(MICs = 0.1-12.5 µg/ml)。在体内，bactobolin A (0.25-4 mg/kg) 提高了 L1210 小鼠白血病模型的存活率。

Clazamycin A是一种最初从链霉菌中分离出的抗生素和微生物代谢产物。它对多种细菌具有活性，包括S. aureus、B. anthracis、B. subtilis、E. coli和P. aeruginosa（MICs分别为100、6.25、100、50和25 µg/ml）。

4-Trehalosamine是一种在Streptomyces中发现的微生物代谢产物，具有抗生素活性。在杯碟法测试中，当浓度为0.5、1和2 mg/ml时，对E. coli、K. pneumoniae和B. subtilis展现出活性。

Epoxyquinomicin B 是一种抗生素，可从 Amycolatopsissp. 中分离，对 Micrococcus luteus、Bacillus subtilis、Pasteurella piscicida 和 Staphylococcus aureus 具有抑制活性，MIC 范围为 6.25-12.5 µg/mL。在 L1210 癌细胞中，其表现出细胞毒性，IC50 为 16.3 µg/mL。此外，Epoxyquinomicin B 对胶原诱导性关节炎有抗炎作用。

Curromycin B 对革兰氏阳性菌（如枯草芽孢杆菌）表现出抗菌活性，能够抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的复制，并且对小鼠黑色素瘤 B16 和白血病 P388 细胞具有抑制作用。