α linolenic acid

α-Linolenic acid (Alpha-Linolenic Acid) 是一种必需脂肪酸，人体无法合成，从种子油中分离得到。α-Linolenic acid 具有提高记忆力、抑制血栓性疾病、降低血脂等作用。

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables. ALA, as part of a low saturated fat diet, helps prevent cardiovascular disease. ALA decreases blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, and platelet aggregation.

γ-Linolenic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl γ-linolenate) 是一种白三烯 B 受体 4(LTB4)的拮抗剂，具有潜在的抗炎作用。

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester 是 Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid 的甲酯形式，Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid 具有抗炎和抗增殖作用。

Ethyl dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ethyl ester (ethyl DGLA), an ω-6 fatty acid intermediate ester form, elevates prostaglandin E1(PGE1) and PGE2 secretion in rabbit renal papilla when administered dietarily at a dosage of 1 g kg per day for 25 days. Additionally, this dosage of ethyl DGLA increases triglyceride levels and enhances the proportion of 20:3ω6 and 20:4ω6 phospholipids in the renal medulla of rabbits. Ethyl DGLA formulations have been employed in managing eczema and inflammatory disorders.

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid sodium (DGLA; all-cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) 是一种具有抗炎和抗增殖活性的 20 碳 ω-6 脂肪酸。Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (sodium) 能减轻载脂蛋白 E 缺陷小鼠模型的动脉粥样硬化。

α-Linolenic acid (Standard) 是 α-Linolenic acid 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。α-Linolenic acid (Alpha-Linolenic Acid) 是一种必需脂肪酸，人体无法合成，从种子油中分离得到。α-Linolenic acid 具有提高记忆力、抑制血栓性疾病、降低血脂等作用。

Methyl Linolenate (Linolenic acid methyl ester) 是一种多不饱和脂肪酸。 它用于研究不饱和脂肪酸氧化/过氧化的机制和预防。

γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl gamma-linolenate) 是一种弱白三烯 B4 (LTB4) 受体拮抗剂。

gamma-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid) 是一种 omega-6 (n-6)，18 碳 (18C-) 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)，可以从人乳和植物种子油中提取。

1,2,3-Tri-γ-linolenoyl glycerol, a polyunsaturated triacylglycerol featuring γ-linolenoyl side chains at the C-1, C-2, and C-3 positions, occurs in multiple plant species such as blackcurrant, redcurrant, and borage.

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (Standard) 是 Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) 是一种广泛存在于植物体内的脂肪酸，具有抗肿瘤和抗增殖作用，抑制异种移植肿瘤细胞生长，可用于研究类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化和特应性皮炎等与炎症相关的疾病。

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester (Standard) 是 Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester 是 Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid 的甲酯形式，Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid 具有抗炎和抗增殖作用。

gamma-Linolenic acid (Standard) 是 gamma-Linolenic acid 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。gamma-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid) 是一种 omega-6 (n-6)，18 碳 (18C-) 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)，可以从人乳和植物种子油中提取。

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) 是一种广泛存在于植物体内的脂肪酸，具有抗肿瘤和抗增殖作用，抑制异种移植肿瘤细胞生长，可用于研究类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化和特应性皮炎等与炎症相关的疾病。

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHODE 是由 α-Linolenic acid 衍生的氧化脂质，存在于长蒴果中。

Jacaric acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid first isolated from seeds of Jacaranda plants. Structurally, it is an 18-carbon ω-6 triene isomer of γ-linolenic acid . Jacaric acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines (GI50 = 1-5 μM). It increases the production of reactive oxygen species, and cytotoxicity is abolished by the antioxidant α-tocopherol, suggesting that apoptosis results from oxidative stress. Jacaric acid is metabolized in vivo to conjugated linoleic acid , which is also cytotoxic to cancer cells. Jacaric acid inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 in vitro (Ki = 1.7 μM) and, with long term feeding, decreases stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression and activity in mice.

A1-Phytoprostane-I is a cyclopentenone isoprostane produced by the action of reactive oxygen species on α-linolenic acid in plants. There are two A1-phytoprostanes, both having the single ketone group on the ring structure. This isoform results from cyclization between carbons 9 and 13 of linolenic acid, as opposed to carbons 3 and 7 in A1-phytoprostane-II. A1-Phytoprostanes induce the expression of glutathione-S-transferase, increase phytoalexin biosynthesis, and trigger the expression of several genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism in plants.

12(S)-HETrE是一种内源性代谢物，由血小板中的12-脂氧合酶（12-LOX）氧化ω-6 PUFA dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLA)产生，作用于Gαs偶联的G蛋白偶联受体，具有抗血栓形成的作用，在心血管疾病具有潜在的治疗作用。12(S)-HETrE 在体外可抑制激动剂介导的血小板活化（IC50 = 40 μM）、α 颗粒分泌、整合素 αⅡbβ3 活化、Rap1 活化和凝血酶诱导的血块回缩。

13(S)-HpOTrE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced in soybeans by the action of soybean LO-2 on esterified α-linolenic acid.[1] Incubation of soybean seedling biomembranes with soybean LO-2 catalyzes the formation of both 9- and 13-HpOTrE in a molar ratio of 10:1.1 In plants, 13(S)-HpOTrE can be metabolized by the hydroperoxide lyase pathway producing aldehyde and oxoacid fragments, or by the hydroperoxide dehydratase pathway producing jasmonic acid.[2],[3],[4] Treatment of tomato leaves with 13-HpOTrE causes induction of proteinase inhibitors, simulating the normal response to wounding.5 This data suggests that in plants 13(S)-HpOTrE may participate in a lipid-based signalling system initiated by insect and pathogen attack.

13-epi-12-oxo Phytodienoic acid (13-epi-12-oxo PDA) is a lipoxygenase metabolite of α-linolenic acid in the leaves of green plants such as corn. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants are substrates for plant lipoxygenases. 12-oxo PDA is one of the best studied end metabolites of this enzymatic pathway. While the initial enzymatic product and major isomer of 12-oxo PDA contains side chains in the cis position, both being β to the ring, the upper side chain attached at C-13, can and frequently does, isomerize when 12-oxo PDA is extracted, isolated, or stored. 13-epi-12-oxo PDA is the product of this isomerization.

9(S)-HOTrE是一种植物代谢物和十八碳三烯酸，由 5-脂氧合酶（5-LO）作用于 α-亚麻酸产生，可用于研究代谢。

9(S)-HpOTrE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) on α-linolenic acid. It can be further metabolized to colnelenic acid by a divinyl ether synthase activity found in garlic and potato microsomal fractions. 9(S)-HpOTrE also serves as a substrate for further oxidation by both soybean and potato LOs, resulting in the formation of 9,16-dihydroperoxy acid. The suicide inactivation of LOs when 9(S)-HpOTrE is used as a substrate is thought to occur via formation of an unstable epoxide.

12-oxo-9(Z)-Dodecenoic acid 是一种 ω-oxoacid 和 ω-6 PUFA 亚麻酸及ω-3 PUFA α-亚麻酸的代谢产物。通过植物中的脂氧合酶产生的13-羟基过氧化物中间体，由过氧化物裂解酶形成。12-oxo-9(Z)-Dodecenoic acid (100 µM) 对植物病原真菌 P. parasitica 有活性。