Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride exhibits a wide range of biological activities across various assays. It shows potent binding affinity for human muscarinic receptors M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5, with IC50 values of 1.3 nM, 18.6 nM, 26.3 nM, 6.7 nM, and 10.3 nM, respectively, indicating its potential effects on muscarinic receptor-mediated pathways. The compound also demonstrates antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains, with IC50 values from 2511.89 nM to 12589.25 nM. Additionally, it shows effectiveness in inhibiting proliferation of various Plasmodium falciparum lines (IC50 ranging from 3162.3 nM to 18526.0 nM).
In antiviral assays, Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride inhibits the entry of Lassa and Marburg viruses (potency ranging from 11220.2 nM to 23109.3 nM) and demonstrates inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2. It shows inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells and Vero E6 cells, with moderate activity levels. Specifically, it inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro protease by 6.361% at 20µM concentration.
The compound also has significant inhibitory effects on OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in CHO cells, with inhibition percentages of 83.05% and 73.95% at 10 µM, suggesting strong inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake. In terms of antibacterial activity, Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride exhibits moderate to strong inhibition against various bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli (7.07%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.55%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.72%), Acinetobacter baumannii (37.84%), and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (17.03%). It also shows some antifungal activity, with 4.22% inhibition of Candida albicans but minimal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans.
Overall, Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride demonstrates potential as a multi-functional agent with significant antimalarial, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, alongside notable activity on human muscarinic receptors..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 