superoxide dismutase

Superoxide dismutase（SOD，超氧化物歧化酶）是一种交替催化超氧化物阴离子自由基（O2-)歧化分解为O2和H2O2的酶，是一种重要的抗氧化防御机制，能有效地减少促炎细胞因子和抑制中性粒细胞向组织损伤部位的浸润。

Mn Superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD)，这种抗氧化酶主要分布在线粒体内，它能将超氧化物阴离子(O2·-) 催化转化为氧气 (O2) 与过氧化氢 (H2O2)。此酶通过防止氧化损伤来保护细胞，对于移植排斥、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病及癌症具有重要影响。

Tiomolibdate diammonium (NSC-286644) 是超氧化物歧化酶 1 (SOD1) 的抑制剂，具有抗血管生成和抗肿瘤活性。 Tiomolibdate diammonium 抑制铜酶的活性，包括 SOD1 和 COX。

NF-κΒ activator 1 可激活NF-κΒ基因，EC50 为 0.9 μM。NF-κB 作为一种调控细胞增殖和细胞存活的基因被真核细胞广泛应用。NF-κΒ activator 1 可诱导超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)2 mRNA 表达。

BNTA 是一种有效的细胞外基质 (ECM) 调节剂。在大鼠关节炎模型中，BNTA 通过诱导超氧化物歧化酶 3 (SOD3) 促进软骨细胞上软骨结构分子的合成和超氧阴离子消除调节软骨生成从而调节关节炎。

TriacetonaMine (Vincubine) 是一种合成医药产品、农药和聚合物光稳定剂的中间体。它是热解油的主要组分。它是植物和真菌提取物的人工制品，使用丙酮和氢氧化铵，或在分离过程的不同步骤中天然出现铵盐。

EUK-134 是合成的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶模拟物，可保护大鼠肾脏免受缺血再灌注引起的损伤。它作用于 H9C2 细胞，降低NF-κB 表达、MDA 水平和蛋白质羰基化。它是具有过氧化氢酶活性的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 模拟物 (SODm)。它是保护有丝分裂的抗氧化剂。

ATN-224 (Bis(choline)tetrathiomolybdate) 抑制内皮细胞中的 SOD1 活性，这种作用呈剂量依赖性，IC50 为 17.5±3.7 nM。 ATN-224 是一种口服 Cu2+/Zn2+-超氧化物歧化酶 1 (SOD1) 抑制剂。

Mito-TEMPO 是一种线粒体靶向超氧化物歧化酶的模拟物。Mito-TEMPO 可以清除超氧化物和烷基自由基，防止线粒体的氧化、坏死和凋亡。

AEOL-10150 pentachloride 是一种超氧化物歧化酶模拟物，也是一种金属卟啉催化抗氧剂，可保护肺免受辐射损伤。

Adrenochrome (Adraxone) 是一种细胞毒性分子，可用于杀死细菌。Adrenochrome 是 Epinephrine 的氧化产物。Adrenochrome 是一种可作用于大鼠心脏的冠状动脉收缩化合物，与心脏毒性有关，可用于确定超氧化物歧化酶的活性。Adrenochrome 与可用于神经系统疾病研究，是拟精神病的潜在药物。

ATN-224是铵盐型四硫代钼酸盐的第二代类似物，且为一种新型铜螯合剂。它通过抑制CuZn超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1），展现出抗血管生成和抗肿瘤效果。

AKV-9 是一种突变型 Cu Zn 超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD1) 抑制剂，能够抑制 SOD1 诱导的蛋白质聚集，并在 PC-12 细胞中展现对 SOD1 诱导的细胞毒性的保护作用，EC50 为 0.3 μM。AKV-9 可在小鼠模型中改善肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS)，并延长其寿命。

Levamlodipine besylate hemipentahydrate 是 Levamlodipine 的苯磺酸半五水合物盐形式。这是一种口服有效的钙通道阻滞剂，具有抗氧化特性和血管扩张作用。其能够降低血清丙二醛 (MDA) 水平，提升超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 的活性，从而改善氧化应激。此化合物适用于血管性痴呆、高血压以及脑血管疾病的研究。

Herbicide safener-4 (Compound I-15) 是一种除草剂安全剂，它能够增强作物对除草剂的耐受性，而不影响对杂草的除草能力。Herbicide safener-4 与 Mesosulfuron-methyl 竞争性结合在 ALS 活性位点上，提升植物内谷胱甘肽 GSH、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 GST、细胞色素 P450 CYP450、过氧化物酶 (POD)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和乙酰乳酸合成酶 (ALS) 的活性。

BMX-001 is a third-generation, cationic, lipophilic, manganese (Mn), and porphyrin-based mimetic of the human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). It also has antioxidant and potential chemoprotective activities.

SP-8203 is a reactive oxygen species inhibitor and superoxide dismutase stimulant.

Avasopasem manganese is a drug candidate of superoxide dismutase mimetic.

Trilobatin (P-Phlorizin) 是源自Lithocarpus polystachyusRehd 的甜味剂，是一种HIV-1抑制剂，靶向 Gp41 包膜蛋白，具有神经保护作用。它还是SGLT1 2抑制剂，可选择性诱导人肝母细胞瘤细胞增殖。

SC 55858 is a superoxide dismutase mimetic.

Ochratoxin A-13C20is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of ochratoxin A by GC- or LC-MS. Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin that has been found inAspergillusandPenicillium.1It increases lipid peroxide levels and the number of apoptotic cells, as well as reduces superoxide dismutase activity in rat kidney when administered at a dose of 120 μg kg.2Topical application of ochratoxin A (80 μg mouse) induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the G0 G1phase, and apoptosis in mouse skin cells.1It also initiates tumor formation in a two-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis model. Ochratoxin A has been found as a contaminant in a variety of foods.3

MitoTEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic that possesses superoxide and alkyl radical scavenging properties.[1] This compound combines the antioxidant piperidine nitroxide TEMPO with the lipophilic cation triphenylphosphonium, which allows it to pass through lipid bilayers and accumulate in mitochondria. Mitochondrial targeting of superoxide scavenging via mitoTEMPO has been examined for potential therapeutic benefit to a variety of mitochondrial dysfunctions arising from excessive reactive oxygen species.[2][3][4]

Mn(III)TMPyP is a manganese-porphyrin which acts as a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. SOD mimetics described to date are unstable and are capable of catalyzing undesired side-reactions in addition to the dismutation of the superoxide radical (O2-). Mn(III)TMPyP is an SOD mimetic with increased stability to pH and hydrogen peroxide. The rate constant for superoxide dismutation and peroxynitrite decomposition are 3.9 x 107 M-1s-1 and ~2 x 106 M-1s-1, respectively. Mn(III)TMPyP protected and enhanced the growth of SOD E. coli with a doubling time of 60 minutes (as compared to 240 minutes of the control) at 25 µM.

Diallyl tetrasulfide is an organosulfur compound that has been found in A. sativum and has diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.[1],[2],[3],[4] It is active against the bacteria S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; MICs = 0.5 and 2 mg L, respectively), as well as the fungi C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, A. niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus (MICs = 0.5, 4, 2, 1, 2, and 4 mg L, respectively).[1] It reduces cadmium-induced increases in hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increases cadmium-induced decreases in the hepatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase, GST, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in rats when administered at a dose of 40 mg kg.[2] Diallyl tetrasulfide is cytotoxic to MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 92 μM) and reduces tumor growth in a BGC-823 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg kg for 32 days.[3],[4]