C18 dihydro Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid and precursor in the de novo synthesis of C18 ceramide that lacks the 4,5-trans double bond. [1] Increased C18 dihydroceramide lipid levels lead to increased triacylglycerol storage and autophagosome accumulation as well as upregulation of the fibrosis markers α-SMA and FGF2 in Chang and LX-2 liver cells. C18 dihydro Ceramide is elevated in the plasma of pre-diabetics up to 9 years prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes. [2] It is also elevated in the skin of patients with lesional atopic dermatitis.[3]
High affinity JNK inhibitor (Ki values are 25-50 nM). Inhibits JNK via competitive binding of the ATP-binding site of active, phosphorylated JNK. Exhibits > 40-fold selectivity for JNK over p38, ERK, IKK2, protein kinase C, Lck and ZAP70. Hepatoprotective. Also inhibits HCMV replication. Uehara et al (2004) c-Jun N-terminal kinase mediates hepatic injury after rat liver transplantation. Transplantation. 78 324 PMID:15316358 |Uehara et al (2005) JNK mediates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. J.Hepatol. 42 850 PMID:15885356 |Ma et al (2007) A pathogenic role for c-Jun amino-terminal kinase signaling in renal fibrosis and tubular cell apoptosis. J.Am.Soc.Nephrol. 18 472 PMID:17202416 |Ma et al (2009) Blockade of the c-Jun amino terminal kinase prevents crescent formation and halts established anti-GBM glomerulonephritis in the rat. Lab.Invest. 89 470 PMID:19188913 |Zhang et al (2015) The c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 inhibits human cytomegalovirus replication. J.Med.Virol. 87 2135 PMID:26058558 |Vasilevskaya et al (2015) Inhibition of JNK sensitizes hypoxic colon cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. Clin.Cancer.Res. 21 4143 PMID:26023085
Potent and selective cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) inhibitor (IC50 = 20 nM). Selective for cPLA2α over secreted PLA2α (sPLA2α; exhibits no inhibition at 10 μM). Inhibits cPLA2α-dependent inflammatory responses in vitro in guinea pig and human whole-blood assays. Improves diet-induced liver injury and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in vivo. Orally bioavailable.
(Rac)-Zevaquenabant ((Rac)-MRI-1867, compound 6b) is a potent and selective antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), exhibiting a binding affinity (Ki) of 5.7 nM specifically for CB1R. Due to its characteristics, (Rac)-Zevaquenabant holds promise as an investigative tool in liverfibrosis research.
EMD527040 is a powerful and highly specific αvβ6 antagonist, exhibiting notable antifibrotic properties. It is suitable for conducting research on carcinoma and liverfibrosis.