acat 1

Avasimibe (PD-148515) 是一种口服有效的酰基辅酶 A: 胆固醇酰基转移酶 (ACAT) 抑制剂，对 ACAT1和 ACAT2的 IC50分别为 24 和 9.2 µM。Avasimibe 在前列腺癌中有研究的价值。

ACAT-IN-1 cis isomer是一种有效的 ACAT 抑制剂（IC50：100 nM），可用于研究免疫系统相关疾病。

Nevanimibe hydrochloride (PD-132301 hydrochloride) 是一种口服有效的，选择性酰基辅酶 A：胆固醇 O-酰基转移酶 1 抑制剂，EC50为 9 nM。它抑制 ACAT2，EC50为 368 nM。它诱导细胞凋亡，具有抗肾上腺皮质癌的潜力。

Pactimibe is a ACAT inhibitor. It has anti-atherosclerotic activity.

Pactimibe sulfate (CS-505) 是一种双重的 ACAT1 2 抑制剂，能够作用于 ACAT1 (IC50: 4.9 μM)、ACAT2 (IC50: 3.0 μM)。Pactimibe sulfate 对 ACAT 表现出抑制作用，在肝细胞中 IC50=2.0 μM，在巨噬细胞中 IC50=2.7 μM，在 THP-1 细胞中 IC50=4.7 μM。Pactimibe sulfate 能够非竞争性地抑制 oleoyl-CoA (Ki: 5.6 μM)，显著抑制胆固醇酯的形成 (IC50: 6.7 μM)。Pactimibe sulfate 能够降低血浆胆固醇的活性，具有抗动脉粥样硬化的潜力。

Monatepil 2maleate 是一种具有口服活性的 Ca2+-通道 拮抗剂和 ACAT 抑制剂，具有 α（1）-肾上腺素能受体阻断活性和抗心律失常特性，可抑制血管收缩。Monatepil 2maleate 可用于研究动脉粥样硬化。

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2 (ACAT-1 and ACAT-2) catalyze the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A, and may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. CAY10485 inhibits human ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 with an IC50 values of 95 and 81 μM, respectively. It also inhibits copper-mediated oxidation of low density lipoproteins by 91% at a concentration of 2 μM.

Beauveriolide I is a cyclodepsipeptide that has been found inBeauveriaand an inhibitor of lipid droplet formation.1It inhibits lipid droplet formation when used at concentrations of 3 and 10 μM, as well as inhibits cholesterol synthesis (IC50= 0.78 μM), in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages.1,2Beauveriolide I also inhibits acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in mouse macrophage membranes (IC50= 6 μM).2 1.Namatame, I., Tomoda, H., Si, S., et al.Beauveriolides, specific inhibitors of lipid droplet formation in mouse macrophages, produced by Beauveria sp. FO-6979J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)52(1)1-6(1999) 2.Namatame, I., Tomoda, H., Ishibashi, S., et al.Antiatherogenic activity of fungal beauveriolides, inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophagesProc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA101(3)737-742(2004)

Pomonic酸，作为一种三萜化合物，能显著抑制胆固醇酯的积累，并降低酰基辅酶A：胆固醇酰基转移酶（ACAT）的活性。

Beauveriolide III is a cyclodepsipeptide that has been found inBeauveriaand an inhibitor of lipid droplet formation.1It inhibits lipid droplet formation when used at concentrations of 3 and 10 μM, as well as inhibits cholesterol synthesis (IC50= 0.41 μM), in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages.1,2Beauveriolide III also inhibits acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in mouse macrophage membranes (IC50= 5.5 μM).2Beauveriolide III (25 and 50 mg kg) reduces the size of aortic atherosclerotic lesions inLdlr- -andApoE- -mouse models of atherosclerosis. 1.Namatame, I., Tomoda, H., Si, S., et al.Beauveriolides, specific inhibitors of lipid droplet formation in mouse macrophages, produced by Beauveria sp. FO-6979J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)52(1)1-6(1999) 2.Namatame, I., Tomoda, H., Ishibashi, S., et al.Antiatherogenic activity of fungal beauveriolides, inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophagesProc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA101(3)737-742(2004)

Ilexoside XLVIII为一种三萜皂苷，自苦冬青叶片水提物分离而得，功能为抑制酰基辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶（ACAT）。

Acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2 (ACAT-1 and ACAT-2) catalyze the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A, and may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. CAY10486 inhibits human ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 equally with an IC50 value of approximately 60 μM. It also inhibits copper-mediated oxidation of low density lipoproteins by about 28% at a concentration of 3 μM.

The early stage of atherosclerosis is characterized by the aggregation of foam cells, so called a fatty streak, in the inner arterial wall. CAY10487 inhibits formation of fatty streak lesions of the thoracic aorta in high cholesterol-fed rabbits without affecting plasma lipid profiles or significantly inhibiting ACAT-1 or ACAT-2 activity. The percent area occupied by the atherosclerotic lesion in rabbits supplemented with 0.05% CAY10487 in the diet was 16.1% compared to 53.5% in control rabbits. CAY10487 also exhibits antioxidant activity, inhibiting copper-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by about 75% at a concentration of 2 μM.

Enniatin B1 crosss the blood-brain barrier. Enniatin B1 decreases the activation of ERK (p44 p42). Enniatin B1 inhibits moderately TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation.Enniatin B1 is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Enniatin B1 inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 73 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes.

Terpendole I is a fungal metabolite that has been found in A. yamanashiensis.1 It is a weak inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 145 μM) and is active against the bacteria B. cereus and B. subtilis (MICs = 100 μg/ml for both) but not S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, or K. pneumoniae (MICs = >200 μg/ml for all) or the fungus C. albicans (MIC = 200 μg/ml).1,2 It is cytotoxic to HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 52.6 μM.3 |1. Tomoda, H., Tabata, N., Yang, D.-J., et al. Terpendoles, novel ACAT inhibitors produced by Albophoma yamanashiensis. III. Production, isolation and structure elucidation of new components. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48(8), 793-804 (1995).|2. Zhao, J.-C., Wang, Y.-L., Zhang, T.-Y., et al. Indole diterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Drechmeria sp. as natural antimicrobial agents. Phytochemistry 148, 21-28 (2018).|3. Nagumo, Y., Motoyama, T., Hayashi, T., et al. Structure-activity relationships of terpendole E and its natural derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2(4), 1533-1536 (2017).

Phenylpyropene A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from P. griseofulvum that has enzyme inhibitory and insecticidal activities.1,2,3 It inhibits acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 0.8 μM).1 Phenylpyropene A inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in rat liver microsomes (IC50 = 78.7 μM). It induces mortality in 100% of M. persicae when used at a concentration of 5 ppm.3 |1. Kwon, O.E., Rho, M.C., Song, H.Y., et al. Phenylpyropene A and B, new inhibitors of acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 55(11), 1004-1008 (2002).|2. Lee, S.W., Rho, M.C., Choi, J.H., et al. Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by phenylpyropenes produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18(11), 1785-1788 (2008).|3. Horikoshi, R., Goto, K., Mitomi, M., et al. Identification of pyripyropene A as a promising insecticidal compound in a microbial metabolite screening. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 70(3), 272-276 (2017).

K-604 dihydrochloride 是酰基辅酶 A：胆固醇酰基转移酶 1 的选择性抑制剂，IC50为 0.45±0.06 μM。