placental

Oxybenzone 是晒黑和皮肤保护剂中常用的紫外线过滤剂。它是二苯甲酮的衍生物，用作破坏内分泌的化学物质，可穿透胎盘和血脑屏障。它损害自噬，改变表观遗传状态并破坏凋亡神经元细胞中的类维生素 X 受体信号传导。

Imipramine (Dimipressin) 是一种具有口服活性的 Fascin1 抑制剂，具有抗抑郁和抗肿瘤活性。Imipramine 抑制 5-羟色胺转运体 （IC50：32 nM），诱导细胞凋亡，诱导 U-87MG 胶质瘤细胞自噬。Imipramine 具有神经保护和免疫调节活性，抑制TNBC细胞的侵袭和迁移，可用于研究乳腺癌和癫痫。

Estradiol 3-sulfamate (BLE 00084) 是一种具有口服活性和高效性的甾体雌酮硫酸酯酶（ES）抑制剂。Estradiol 3-sulfamate 对人胎盘微粒体中ES的 K（i）值为73 nM，可用于研究乳腺癌。

Minamestane 是一种新型不可逆芳香化酶抑制剂。Minamestane 引起人胎盘芳香化酶的时间依赖性抑制，半衰期为4分钟，K 为59nM。Minamestane 具有抗肿瘤活性。

Prochloraz (Prelude) 是咪唑类抗真菌剂。Prochloraz 抑制羊毛甾醇的细胞色素 P450 依赖性 14α-脱甲基作用，由此抑制麦角固醇的生物合成，从而导致真菌细胞膜破裂和细胞死亡。它也是雌激素受体和 雄激素受体的拮抗剂，IC50分别为25 μM 和4 μM， 并激活芳烃受体，EC50为1μM。

Benzoylaconine (Isaconitine) 是一种中药附子生物碱。

Estrone O-sulfamate (Estrone 3-O-sulfamate) 是一种高效的的类固醇硫酸酯酶 (STS) 抑制剂。Estrone O-sulfamate 是一种胎盘微粒体抑制剂 (P.M.) ，IC50 值分别为 18 nM。Estrone O-sulfamate 在 MCF-7 细胞中对 STS 显示出抑制作用，IC50 值分别为 0.83 nM。Estrone O-sulfamate 可用于研究癌症。

Desethyl chloroquine diphosphate 是 Desethylchloroquine 的活性代谢产物，是一种可穿过胎盘和可口服的 toll-like receptors (TLRs) 抑制剂,具有抗疟原虫活性，抑制自噬。

(S)-Dexfadrostat ((S)-Fadrozole) 作为一种芳香化酶抑制剂，其IC50值仅为 4.6 nM，能够有效抑制人胎盘微粒体中的芳香化酶活性。该化合物主要用于研究雌激素依赖性乳腺癌、男性乳房发育症以及系统性红斑狼疮。

Triphenyl phosphate 可通过激活MAOA ROS NFκB破坏胎盘色氨酸代谢，诱发异常神经行为，促进核因子 κ B (NFκB)、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子α等炎症因子诱导氧化应激，并可能导致过敏性接触性皮炎。

ML-095 hydrochloride (CID-25067483 hydrochloride) 是一种特异性胎盘碱性磷酸酶抑制剂。它抑制 PLAP、TNAP 和 IAP，IC50 分别为 2.1、>100 和 53 μM。

rac-trans-4-hydroxy Glyburide is an active metabolite of the SUR1 Kir6.2 sulfonylurea inhibitor glyburide .1,2It is formed from glyburide by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2C8 and CYP2C9.1rac-trans-4-hydroxy Glyburide inhibits glyburide binding to rat brain synaptosomes at the high and low affinity sites of SUR1 Kir6.2 with IC50values of 0.95 and 100 nM, respectively.2 1.Zharikova, O.L., Fokina, V.M., Nanovskaya, T.N., et al.Identification of the major human hepatic and placental enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of glyburideBiochem. Pharmacol.78(12)1483-1490(2009) 2.Hill, R.A., Rudra, S., Peng, B., et al.Hydroxyl-substituted sulfonylureas as potent inhibitors of specific [3H]glyburide binding to rat brain synaptosomesBioorg. Med. Chem.11(9)2099-2113(2003)

17β-hydroxy Exemestane is the primary active metabolite of exemestane . It is formed by metabolism of exemestane by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A and CYP4A11. 17β-hydroxy Exemestane is an aromatase inhibitor (IC50 = 69 nM using human placental microsomes) and an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (IC50 = 39.6 nM) that is selective for AR over estrogen receptor α (ERα; IC50 = 21.2 μM). It stimulates growth of AR- and ERα-positive MCF-7 (EC50 = 2.7 μM) and T47D breast cancer cells (EC50s = 0.43 and 1,500 nM for AR- and ER-mediated growth, respectively) and inhibits proliferation of testosterone-treated aromatase-overexpressing MCF-7aro cells in a concentration-dependent manner. 17β-hydroxy Exemestane (20 mg/kg) inhibits increases in serum cholesterol and LDL levels and prevents decreases in bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae and femur, as well as femoral bending strength and compressive strength of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, in ovariectomized rats.

DCVC inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extra placental membranes in vitro.Target: TNF-αin vitro: DCVC inhibits pathogen stimulated cytokine release from tissue punch cultures. DCVC (5-50 μM) significantly inhibits LTA-, LPS-, and GBS-stimulated cytokine release from tissue cultures as early as 4 h (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TCA (up to 500 μM) does not inhibit LTA-stimulated cytokine release from tissue punches. DCVC effects on LTA-stimulated and LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from tissue punch cultures of extraplacental membranes. DCVC effects on GBS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from extraplacental membranes in transwell cultures. [1]. Boldenow E, et al. The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine but not trichloroacetate inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extraplacental membranes in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Apr;52:1-6. [2]. Lash LH, et al. Multigenerational study of chemically induced cytotoxicity and proliferation in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Nov 18;15(11):21348-65. [3]. Yoo HS, et al. Comparative analysis of the relationship between trichloroethylene metabolism and tissue-specific toxicity among inbred mouse strains: kidney effects. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2015;78(1):32-49.

16α-hydroxy Dehydroepiandrosterone (16α-OH-DHEA) 是一种存在于大脑中的神经类固醇，是胎盘雌三醇生物合成的前体。

(R)-Fadrozole ((R)-CGS 16949A; FAD286) is a potent nonsteroidal inhibitor. (R)-Fadrozole also inhibits human placental aromatase (pIC 50 = 6.17) and aldosterone biosynthesis. (R)-Fadrozole reverses cardiac fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats..

Coniferyl ferulate 是从川芎中提取的一种天然产物，是强效的谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶抑制剂，强抑制人胎盘型谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶，IC50为 0.3 μM。它还可逆转多药耐药性并下调 P-糖蛋白。

Pinafide is a rodenticide and anti-protozoal agent. Pinafide shows strong cytostatic activity against both HeLa and KB cells and is moderately toxic to both mice and rats. It has been proved active against experimental tumors and shown to be inhibitor of two DNA viruses. Pinafide blocks cell growth by inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis. It has been shown to bind to double-helical DNA by intercalation. Pinafide inhibited the activity of M. tuberculosis NAD⁺-dependent DNA ligase A at concentrations of 50 uM. At the chemical screening was found that pinafide inhibited B-Myb transcriptional activity in luciferase assays. The cross placental-barrier studies showed that 3H-pinafide was present in the 14-day fetuses.

Steroid sulfatase-IN-7是一种具有高度选择性的不可逆STS抑制剂，表现出0.05 nM的强效对人胎盘STS抑制能力，常被用于癌症方面的科学研究。

15-epi-PGE1 (15R-Prostaglandin E1; 15-Epiprostaglandin E1) 作为PGE1的立体异构体，在生物活性方面显得较为低下。该化合物为人胎盘15-羟基前列腺素脱氢酶 (15-PGDH) 的非竞争性抑制剂，具有170 μM的IC50值。

GNQWFI是一种抗Flt1肽，是VEGFR1特异性拮抗剂。它能够阻断VEGFR1与多个配体（包括VEGFA、VEGFB和胎盘生长因子PIGF）的相互作用，并抑制VEGF诱导的内皮细胞迁移及小管形成。GNQWFI有潜力用于癌症、哮喘及其他眼部疾病的研究。