lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxidation inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (IC50: 0.07 μM).

3,6-Dihydroxyflavone 是一种抗癌剂。它能够提高细胞内氧化应激和脂质过氧化。它是能够根据剂量和时间依赖性地降低细胞活力，并活化半胱天冬酶级联、切割聚 (ADP-核糖) 聚合酶 (PARP) 诱导细胞凋亡。

Imidazole ketone erastin (IKE) 是一种铁死亡诱导剂，对 system Xc-胱氨酸 谷氨酸转运蛋白具有抑制作用。Imidazole ketone erastin 具有抗肿瘤活性，可以诱导谷胱甘肽耗竭和脂质过氧化。

Mopidamol (RA 233) 是一种磷酸二酯酶抑制剂，是 dipyridamole 衍生物，具有抗癌活性，可预防实验性糖尿病的视网膜血管缺陷。

Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) 是一种非糖皮质激素，是一种脂质过氧化抑制剂，具有抗病毒活性和神经保护活性。Tirilazad mesylate 能使细胞膜内病灶局限化，可减轻创伤、中风、缺血再灌注损伤引起的脊髓损伤，抑制狗体内毒素的作用，降低了内毒素诱导的肠系膜和肾脏 DO2 比容升高。Tirilazad mesylate 可用于研究神经系统疾病。

KKII5 是一种有效的脂氧合酶 LOX-1 抑制剂，IC50 为 19 μM。KKII5 抑制脂质过氧化，增强部分化合物活性中心接收电子的能力。

Cepharanthine (NSC-623442) 属于天然生物碱，可抑制 TNF-α 介导的 NFκB 刺激、质膜脂质过氧化和血小板聚集，并抑制细胞因子的产生。Cepharanthine 具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性。

Thiamine monochloride (Vitamin B1) 是人体必不可少的维生素，具有促红细胞生成、调节血糖、抗氧化和调节情绪的作用。Thiamine monochloride 抑制铅引起的脂质过氧化反应，从而防止铅中毒。Thiamine monochloride 在摄入食物的细胞产生能量中起重要作用，并能增强正常的神经元活性。

Uric Acid (Lithic acid) 是一种重要的抗氧化剂。Uric acid 能清除活性氧(ROS) ，如单线态氧和过氧亚硝酸盐，抑制脂质过氧化。Uric acid 有助于维持血压的稳定和抗氧化应激。

Citric acid (Citro) 是柑橘类水果中发现的弱有机三羧酸。柠檬酸是食品添加剂和天然防腐剂。

Ethyl cinnamate 是食品香料和化妆品添加剂，也是哺乳动物组织的优良清除剂。

Phloretin (NSC-407292) 是从苹果树叶中提取的一种查耳酮，具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌活性。它是真核尿素转运蛋白抑制剂，可阻断 VacA 介导的尿素和离子转运，有潜力用于类风湿性关节炎和过敏性气道炎症的相关研究。

Broussochalcone A 是一种从桑科植物中提取的天然化合物，具有抗氧化和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性（IC50 = 2.21 μM），能够清除自由基，抑制铁诱导的脂质过氧化，并减少脂多糖激活的巨噬细胞中一氧化氮的合成，也能够通过增加活性氧（ROS）水平和激活 FOXO3 信号通路，诱导人肾癌细胞凋亡。Broussochalcone A还是一种新型的 NR4A1 核受体抑制剂，能够通过 NR4A1 依赖的途径诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡。

FINO2作为一种强效的铁死亡诱导化合物，能够抑制GPX4活性。该化合物作为稳定的氧化剂，有效氧化亚铁并在不同pH水平下表现出稳定性。此外，FINO2诱导广泛的脂质过氧化。

Uric acid sodium 是氧自由基 (oxygen radical) 的清除剂，是一种有效的、常见的抗氧化剂，有助于维持机体血压稳定和抗氧化应激。Uric acid sodium 能清除活性氧 (ROS)，如单线态氧和过氧亚硝酸盐，对脂质过氧化有抑制作用，与痛风性关节病的发病机理和草酸钙结石的形成有关。

Peimisine (Ebeiensine) 非竞争性拮抗气管平滑肌 M 受体，抑制 Ach 引起的平滑肌收缩。它兴奋 β 受体和拮抗内钙释放，促进一氧化氮释放，可舒张气管平滑肌，有平喘作用。

MTP 131 acetate 是一种小的线粒体靶向四肽。

4-Methyldaphnetin (DHMC) 是一种合成 4-甲基香豆素衍生物的前体。它对几种肿瘤细胞株具有选择性的抗增殖和诱导凋亡的作用。它能够清除自由基，显著抑制膜脂过氧化。

N6-Etheno 2'-deoxyadenosine is used as a biomarker to evaluate chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation in animal or human tissues.

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid by GC- or LC-MS. 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a derivative of uric acid and a metabolite of caffeine. It is formed from caffeine by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4. 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid scavenges hydroxyl radicals in a cell-free assay and inhibits t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation by 56.5% in isolated human erythrocyte membranes.

QD-394 is an inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.1It induces lipid peroxidation, increases in intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreases in the reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 μM. QD-394 is cytotoxic to MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and BxPC-3 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.64, 0.34, and 0.9 μM, respectively). QD-394 acts synergistically with napabucasin to reduce colony formation in MIA PaCa-2 cells. 1.Hu, S., Sechi, M., Singh, P.K., et al.A novel redox modulator induces a GPX4-mediated cell death that is dependent on iron and reactive oxygen speciesJ. Med. Chem.63(17)9838-9855(2020)

3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone 显示出抗菌和保肝活性，它能防止叔丁基过氧化氢诱导的新鲜离体大鼠肝细胞的脂质过氧化和细胞死亡，并在一定程度上有效防止细胞谷胱甘肽平衡的扰乱。

Kielcorin shows antibacterial activity against strain EMRSA-16. It also shows in vitro anti-inflammatory (respiratory burst) inhibiting activities using isolated human neutrophils (IC (50) = 965.21 ± 65.80 uM). trans-Kielcorin has hepatoprotective activity, it can prevent tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.

AMK is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin .1,2,3,4It is formed from melatoninviathe metabolic intermediate AFMK that is then deformylated by catalase or formamidase.5,6AMK scavenges singlet oxygenin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 200 μM.1It inhibits the epinephrine- and arachidonic acid-induced production of prostaglandin E2and PGD2in ovine seminal vesicle microsomes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as well as LPS-induced increases in COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 500 μM.2,3AMK (20 mg kg) decreases MPTP-induced increases in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria from substantia nigra and striatum in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease.4 1.Schaefer, M., and Hardeland, R.The melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine is a potent singlet oxygen scavengerJ. Pineal Res.46(1)49-52(2009) 2.Kelly, R.W., Amato, F., and Seamark, R.F.N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine, a brain metabolite of melatonin, is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesisBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.121(1)372-379(1984) 3.Mayo, J.C., Sainz, R.M., Tan, D.-X., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of melatonin and its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), in macrophagesJ. Neuroimmunol.165(1-2)139-149(2005) 4.Tapias, V., Escames, G., López, L.C., et al.Melatonin and its brain metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine prevent mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase induction in parkinsonian miceJ. Neurosci. Res.87(13)3002-3010(2009) 5.Tan, D.-X., Manchester, L.C., Reiter, R.J., et al.Melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide: A potentially new metabolic pathway of melatonin biotransformationFree Radic. Biol. Med.29(11)1177-1185(2000) 6.Hirata, F., Hayaishi, O., Tokuyama, T., et al.In vitro and in vivo formation of two new metabolites of melatoninJ. Biol. Chem.249(4)1311-1313(1974)