circulation

Isradipine (PN 200-110) 是一种二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂，具有抗高血压和血管扩张活性。它是一种具有口服活性的 L 型钙通道阻滞剂，也是一种潜在可行的帕金森病神经保护剂。

Vanillyl butyl ether (Butyl vanillyl ether) 是香草特有风味和香气的来源。它是辣椒素类似物，对人体有感官刺激作用。它是环保且无毒的物质。它是烷氧基取代的苄基衍生物，主要用作调味剂。

Toddalolactone ((+)-Toddalolactone) 是一种Toddalia asiatica 的主要成分，能够抑制重组人纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)的活性， IC50=37.31 μM。

Dirlotapide (CP742033) 是一种肠道选择性微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白(MTP)抑制剂。它可以减轻糖尿病狗的体重。Dirlotapide 以剂量依赖性方式减少食物摄入量，可能是通过增加 肽YY 释放到循环中。

Benzcyclane (Benzcyclan) 是一种血小板聚集抑制剂，也是一种血管扩张剂，可用于多种外周循环障碍。

Plerixafor octahydrochloride (JM3100 octahydrochloride) 是一种选择性的CXCR4拮抗剂，IC50为 44 nM。Plerixafor 是一种具有造血干细胞动员活性的双环霉素。

Uridine triacetate (RG 2133 triacetate) 是一种具有口服活性的 Uridine 前药。Uridine triacetate 能在肠道内迅速被吸收，在循环中迅速脱乙酰，生成游离尿苷。Uridine triacetate 可用于研究 5-氟尿嘧啶 (5-FU) 和卡培他滨的毒性，或早发性心脏或中枢神经系统 (CNS) 毒性。

N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine 是一种 Ca2+拮抗剂和抗炎剂，与脑和冠状动脉循环的控制有关，被认为具有镇静活性。

Sodium taurocholate (Taurocholate Sodium) hydrate 具有显著的生物学效应，例如通过上调 VEGF-A 的表达抑制肝动脉结扎所致的胆道损伤。对免疫系统具有一定的调节作用。

AMG410是一种非共价、双态GDP（OFF）和GTP（ON）结合的泛KRAS抑制剂，Kd (GDP) = 1 nM，Kd (GTP) = 22 nM，从而能够和循环无关地阻断KRAS。AMG410对KRAS的选择性超过HRAS和NRAS2的100倍，与KRAS G12C抑制剂结合在相同的变烯袋上，并且在KRAS G12D，G12V, G12C，G13D和其他突变体中具有高效力，IC 50 = 1-4 nM，能够在KRAS突变的结肠直肠、胰腺和肺模型中使肿瘤消退并且降低磷酸化的ERK水平。

alpha-Amanitin (α-Amanitin) 是鹅膏菌中致命的毒素，过肠肝循环和运输系统在体内起作用。alpha-Amanitin 可诱导细胞死亡，可用于合成 ADC。

Ipramidil (C80-1324) reveals marked dilator activity in the coronary circulation of isolated working hearts.

(2-Pyridyldithio)-PEG4 acid is a four-unit cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker specifically designed for the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1]. It serves as a crucial component in the conjugation of antibodies and drugs, enabling targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This linker possesses a (2-pyridyldithio) group at one end, facilitating the attachment of the linker to the specific site on the antibody molecule. The PEG4 chain provides the necessary flexibility and biocompatibility for optimal drug release while maintaining stability throughout the circulation in the body. Ultimately, (2-Pyridyldithio)-PEG4 acid is instrumental in the development and advancement of ADCs, a promising approach in cancer therapy.

AGN-201904Z is a slowly absorbed, acid-stable pro-proton pump inhibitor (pro-PPI) rapidly converted to omeprazole in the systemic circulation giving a prolonged residence time. AGN 201904-Z produced a significantly greater, and nocturnal acid suppression

Bencyclane Fumarate (Halidor) is a vasodilator that is effective against a variety of peripheral circulation disorders.

Bts 39542 is a diuretic that plays a major role in the Henle circulation and increases renal blood flow without affecting glomerular filtration rate.

Levomefolate magnesium is the magnesium salt of the metabolite of folic acid (Vitamin B9) and it is a predominant active form of folate found in foods and in the blood circulation, accounting for 98% of folates in human plasma. It is transported across th

Peroxidation of common ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as linoleic acid, DGLA, and arachidonic acid can give rise to 4-HNE. 4-HNE is cleared rapidly from the plasma and undergoes enterohepatic circulation as a glutathione conjugate in the rat. About two thirds of an administered dose of 4-HNE is excreted within 48 hours in the urine, primarily in the form of mercapturic acid conjugates. The C-1 aldehyde of 4-HNE is reduced to an alcohol in about half of these metabolites. The remainder are C-1 aldehydes or have been oxidized to C-1 carboxylic acids. These aldehydes and carboxylic acids can also form γ-lactols and γ-lactones, respectively, producing at least 4 or 5 end urinary metabolites of 4-HNE in vivo.

3β-hydroxy-5-Cholestenoic Acid 是在人体循环中浓度很高（40-80 ng ml）的是胆固醇的代谢产物之一。

Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) is released in substantial quantities from aggregating platelets and metabolized during circulation to 11-dehydro TXB2 and 2,3-dinor TXB2. In rats and rabbits, 2,3-dinor TXB1 has been identified as another urinary metabolite of TXB2. However in human urine, only trace amounts of 2,3-dinor TXB1 have been identified. In rats, 2,3-dinor TXB1 is excreted at a much higher rate than 2,3-dinor TXB2 (19.2 ± 4.9 ng/24 hr and 1.6 ± 0.3 ng/24 hr, respectively). Therefore, urinary 2,3-dinor TXB1 is a suitable marker of thromboxane biosynthesis in rats.

Echistatin TFA, the smallest active RGD protein belonging to the family of disintegrins that are derived from snake venoms, is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Echistatin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in culture. Echistatin is a potent antagonist of αIIbβ3, αvβ3 and α5β1[1][2][3][4]. [1]. J Musial, et al. Inhibition of platelet adhesion to surfaces of extracorporeal circuits by disintegrins. RGD-containing peptides from viper venoms. Circulation. 1990 Jul;82(1):261-73.[2]. M Sato, et al. Echistatin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in culture. J Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;111(4):1713-23.[3]. C C Kumar, et al. Biochemical characterization of the binding of echistatin to integrin alphavbeta3 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Nov;283(2):843-53.[4]. I Wierzbicka-Patynowski, et al. Structural requirements of echistatin for the recognition of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(5)beta(1) integrins. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 31;274(53):37809-14.

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an inhibitor of all pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) isoforms, which are enzymes that phosphorylate and inhibit PDH in mitochondria. Inhibition of PDHK shifts cell metabolism from glycolysis to mitochondrial glucose oxidation, an effect that has relevance to cancer, type 2 diabetes, and other diseases. CAY10703 is a DCA trimer that is at least 10-fold more cytotoxic against leukemia cell lines than DCA. It is approximately 3-fold less cytotoxic than DCA against peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy blood donors. CAY10703 significantly reduces both basal and maximal respiration in leukemia cells. It is stable in vivo after subcutaneous inoculation, remaining in circulation for more than five hours after injection.

Synthetic and natural alkyl phosphates, also known as phosphoantigens, stimulate the proliferation of γδ-T lymphocytes. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and related derivatives including (E)-hydroxy-dimethyl-allyl pyrophosphate ((E)-HDMAPP), are particularly effective activators of γδ-T cells. (E)-C-HDMAPP is the pyrophosphonate form of (E)-HDMAPP. The pyrophosphonate moiety in (E)-C-HDMAPP is much less susceptible to chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis than its pyrophosphate counterpart. As a result, (E)-C-HDMAPP is much more stable in solution and in vascular circulation. (E)-C-HDMAPP possesses comparable activity to (E)-HDMAPP, which is the most potent of the isoprenoid phosphoantigens. (E)-C-HDMAPP stimulates the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) by γδ-T lymphocytes with an IC50 value of 0.91 nM. (E)-C-HDMAPP also significantly increases the number of circulating γδ-T cells in vivo, in cynomolgus monkeys.

(2-Pyridyldithio)-PEG1-hydrazine is a one-unit cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker specifically designed for the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This linker offers the advantage of controlled release of the drug payload from the ADC construct. It is utilized in the conjugation process between the antibody and the cytotoxic drug, enabling the targeted delivery of the drug to cancer cells. The (2-pyridyldithio) group of this linker provides stability during circulation in the bloodstream, while the hydrazine moiety allows for efficient drug release at the tumor site. Overall, the (2-pyridyldithio)-PEG1-hydrazine linker serves as a valuable tool in the development of targeted chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment.