atp release

Sambutoxin, a new mycotoxin produced by toxic Fusarium isolates obtained from rotted potato tubers, it can cause toxic effects in rats, including body weight loss, feed refusal, hemorrhage in the stomach and intestines, and, finally, death when rats were

Aglafoline inhibits in a concentration-dependent manner the aggregation and ATP release reaction induced in washed rabbit platelets by PAF (platelet-activating factor). The IC50 values of Aglafoline on PAF (3.6 nM)-induced platelet aggregation were about 50 μM.

Myosin V-IN-1是一种有效且具有选择性的 Myosin V 抑制剂，Ki 值为 6 μM。Myosin V-IN-1 抑制肌动蛋白 V 发生作用， 通过选择性抑制肌动球蛋白复合物释放 ADP 来减缓肌动蛋白激活的肌球蛋白 V ATP 酶。

Salbutamol (Albuterol) 是短效的 β2 肾上腺素受体激动剂，用于哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD) 引发的支气管痉挛的研究。

Dibutyryl-cGMP sodium (Bt2cGMP sodium) is a cell-permeable cGMP analog. Dibutyryl-cGMP sodium preferentially activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Dibutyryl-cGMP sodium inhibits [3H]-arachidonic acid release in human platelets stimulated by gamma

TNKS-2-IN-1 是一种 TNKS-2 抑制剂。TNKS-2-IN-1 对 TNKS-1 和 TNKS-2有抑制作用，IC50 分别为 259 nM 和 1100 nM。TNKS-2-IN-1 具有抗菌活性，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用。TNKS-2-IN-1 抑制 NLRP3 炎症小体 （IC505μM）通过抑制ATP刺激的J1A.774细胞释放IL-1β。

Gliclazide (SE1702) 是一种有效的全细胞的 β 细胞 ATP 敏感型钾流阻断剂，IC50为 184 nM，用作降糖药。

P2X4 antagonist-4 (compound 64) 是一种高效的P2X4R拮抗剂，其IC50值为8 µM。该化合物能够阻断ATP诱导的NLRP3炎症小体活化以及IL-1β的释放。

Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a component of cellular lipid rafts and can be formed by the cleavage of the sialic acid residue from ganglioside GM1 by neuraminidase. Ganglioside GM1 asialo is a glycolipid receptor for P. aeruginosa flagellin and stimulates defensive responses in host cells, including extracellular ATP release, calcium mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation when stimulated by flagellin and an anti-ganglioside GM1 asialo antibody. The percentage of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells in lung is increased in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection compared with healthy animals. Depletion of ganglioside GM1 asialo-positive NK and T cells reduces IFN-γ levels in the lung, reduces weight loss, and increases lung viral load in RSV-infected mice. Ganglioside GM1 asialo mixture contains ganglioside GM1 asialo molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

ITH15004 is a non-nucleotide antagonist of the purinergic P2X7receptor (IC50= 9 μM in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptor).1It inhibits ATP-induced currents inX. laevisoocytes expressing the human P2X7receptor when used at a concentration of 100 μM. ITH15004 (1 μM) decreases IL-1β release from LPS-primed, ATP-stimulated isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages. It has high permeability in a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). 1.Calzaferri, F., Narros-Fernández, P., de Pascual, R., et al.Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel non-nucleotide purine derivatives as P2X7 antagonists for the treatment of neuroinflammationJ. Med. Chem.64(4)2272-2290(2021)

JC-171 is a selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.45 μM for inhibiting LPS ATP-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release from J774A.1 macrophages[1]. JC-171 (0-100 μM) blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in primary macrophages dose dependently[1]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: J774A.1 murine macrophage cells JC-171 treatment delays the progression and reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mouse[1]. Animal Model: Mice immunized subcutaneously with 200 μg Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 peptide emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) on day 0 followed by injection of 200 ng of pertussis toxin. [1]. Chunqing Guo, et al. Development and Characterization of a Hydroxyl-Sulfonamide Analogue, 5-Chloro-N-[2-(4-hydroxysulfamoyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide, as a Novel NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017 Oct 18;8(10):2194-2201.

Potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor (IC50 = 60-80 nM). Inhibits nigericin- and ATP-induced IL-1β release. Baldwin et al (2017) Boron-Based Inhibitors of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Cell Chem.Biol. 24 1321 PMID:28943355 |Redondo-Castro et al (2018) Development of a characterised tool kit for the interrogation of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent responses. Sci.Rep. 8 5667 PMID:29618797

TAT-Gap19(I130A) is a control peptide for TAT-Gap19, a Cx43 hemichannel blocker. TAT-Gap19(I130A) consists of TAT-GAP19 with a I130A amino acid residue change at a key residue for GAP19 activity. In C6 glioma cells expression Cx43, TAT-GAP19(1130A) does not inhibit [Ca2+]i-triggered ATP release at 200 μM. TAT-Gap19(I130A) is cell permeable.

AZ-DF 265 is a hypoglycaemic drug which stimulates insulin release. AZ-DF-265 inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channels and displaces [3H]-glibenclamide from the sulphonylurea receptor.

GSK1370319A is a potent P2X7 antagonist (IC50 = 3.2 nM). GSK1370319A inhibits ATP-induced increase in IL-1β release and caspase 1 activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed mixed glia by blocking assembly of the inflammasome in a pannexin 1-dependent manner. GSK1370319A also inhibits ATP-induced subregion-specific neuronal loss in hippocampal organotypic slice cultures, which is dependent on its ability to prevent inflammasome assembly in glia. Significantly, GSK1370319A attenuates age-related deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) and inhibits the accompanying age-related caspase 1 activity. We conclude that inhibiting P2X(7) receptor-activated NLRP3 inflammasome formation and the consequent IL-1β release from glia preserve neuronal viability and synaptic activity.

Dimethyl L-glutamate (Dimethyl glutamate), 一种可透膜的谷氨酸类似物，可刺激葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素 (insulin) 释放。Dimethyl L-glutamate 抑制KATP 通道的活性。Dimethyl L-glutamate 抑制E. gracilis 生长并导致细胞异常分裂。Dimethyl L-glutamate 可用于糖尿病、葡萄糖转运、磷酸化和进一步代谢的研究。

Tat-Gap 19是一种针对连接蛋白43 (Cx43) 半通道的肽抑制剂，由HIV-1 Tat蛋白传导域与对应于Cx43第128-136残基的九氨基酸肽连接而成。Tat-Gap 19 (10 µM) 能够抑制初级大鼠肝细胞中由谷氨酸引发的ATP释放，这是Cx43半通道活性的标志。在通过中脑动脉堵塞(MCAO)诱导的小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型中，以25 mg/kg的剂量进行给药，可减少梗死体积。腹腔内注射Tat-Gap 19 (1 mg/kg 每天) 能够减少硫代乙酰胺引起的小鼠肝损伤模型中的纤维化病灶面积及表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α-SMA) 的肝星状细胞（成纤维细胞的前体）面积，并提高同种小鼠分离的肝细胞中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性。

2-MeS-ATP（2-Methylthio-ATP）是一种特异性激活P2Y嘌呤受体的腺苷核苷酸类似物。此外，2-MeS-ATP还能抑制由内毒素（LPS）刺激的巨噬细胞释放有毒介质。因此，该化合物常用于内毒素休克和炎症性疾病的相关研究。

CS-6253TFA为CS-6253的TFA盐类,具有作用于ATP结合盒1 (ABCA1) 的激动剂功能.该化合物能有效调节淀粉样蛋白β的Aβ42 40比率,对血浆中的脂蛋白代谢产生影响.此外,CS-6253 TFA能够促进富含胆固醇的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)颗粒的产生,并触发微粒的释放.

CS-6253是一种ATP结合盒1 (ABCA1) 的激动剂,具有改善淀粉样蛋白βAβ42 40比率的功能,并对血浆中的脂蛋白代谢产生影响.此外,CS-6253还能生成富含胆固醇的高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 颗粒,并诱导微粒释放.

Salbutamol-d9 是 Salbutamol 的氘代化合物。Salbutamol 的 CAS 号为 18559-94-9。Salbutamol 是短效的 β2 肾上腺素受体激动剂，用于哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD) 引发的支气管痉挛的研究。

Gliclazide-d7 是 Gliclazide 的氘代化合物。Gliclazide 的 CAS 号为 21187-98-4。Gliclazide 是一种有效的全细胞的 β 细胞 ATP 敏感型钾流阻断剂，IC50为 184 nM，用作降糖药。

Salbutamol-d3 是 Salbutamol 的氘代化合物。Salbutamol 的 CAS 号为 18559-94-9。Salbutamol 是短效的 β2 肾上腺素受体激动剂，用于哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD) 引发的支气管痉挛的研究。

N,N-Dimethyl-ATP sodium 是一种经过标记修饰的脱氧寡核苷酸 (dNTP)，可在基因合成与测序过程中释放焦磷酸并产生荧光，因此具备特殊的应用价值