HIV-IN-4

HIV-IN-4 (Compound 12) 是有效的HIV 抑制剂，具有良好的抗 HIV 病毒活性。

Apricitabine (SPD754) 是一种具有高选择性和口服活性的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂(Ki=0.08μM)，是2′-脱氧-3′-氧-4′-硫代胞苷(dOTC)的(-)对映体 。 Apricitabine 对DNA 聚合酶α、β和γ具有抑制作用，Ki 值分别为300μM、12μM 和112.25μM。Apricitabine 在抗逆转录病毒HIV 感染者中显示出良好的抗逆转录病毒治疗效果，具有良好的耐受性和较低的选择性抗性。

HIV-1 inhibitor-54 是一种有效的 HIV-1 抑制剂，在 MT-4 细胞中对 WT HIV-1 (菌株 IIIB) x 显示出抗 HIV 活性（EC50 ： 32 nM）。HIV-1 inhibitor-54 可用于研究病毒感染。

Gamibetal (4-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric Acid) 是 γ-氨基-β-羟基丁酸，对癫痫具有潜在的研究价值。

Berberine (Umbellatine) 属于生物碱类天然产物，可以激活 AMPK、抑制 DNA 拓扑异构酶、诱导 ROS 生成。Berberine 具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、降血糖、降血脂等生物学活性。

IT1t dihydrochloride 抑制 CXCL12/CXCR4 相互作用，IC50 为 2.1 nM。 IT1t dihydrochloride 是 CXCR4 的拮抗剂。

4'-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (4'-E-dA) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor. It is potent against drug-resistant HIV variants (EC50: 98 nM in MT-4 cells for anti-HIV-1 activity).

Mavorixafor trihydrochloride is a selective and orally available CXCR4 antagonist (IC50: 13 nM against CXCR4 125I-SDF binding) and also inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells and PBMCs (IC50s: 1 and 9 nM).

IT1t inhibits CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction with an IC50 of 2.1 nM. is a potent CXCR4 antagonist.

AMD 3465 also potently inhibits the replication of X4 HIV strains (IC50: 1-10 nM). However, it has no effect on CCR5-using (R5) viruses. AMD 3465 (GENZ-644494) is a potent antagonist of CXCR4, inhibits binding of 12G5 mAb and CXCL12AF647 to CXCR4, with IC

D77 is anti-HIV-1 inhibitor. D77 inhibits HIV-1(IIIB) replication by EC50 value of 23.8 μg/ml in MT-4 cell (5.03 μg/ml for C8166 cells).

Loviride is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (IC50: 0.3 µM). Loviride inhibits HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV replication in MT-4 cells. It is used for reverse transcriptase from HIV-1.

TAK-220 is a selective and orally bioavailable CCR5 antagonist (IC50s: 3.5 nM and 1.4 nM for inhibition on the binding of RANTES and MIP-1α to CCR5, respectively).

Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) 是由肠道细菌代谢生成的胆色素，同时兼具HIV蛋白酶 (HIVProtease) 的抑制效果，Ki值为 4 μM。该化合物能促进小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264细胞产生TNF-α和IL-1β，增强其促炎活性。Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) 主要应用于研究炎症反应和病毒感染。

Methyl piperazine-2-carboxylate (compound 4) 是一种高效的 METTL3/METTL14/WTAP 激活剂。它能够提升 HIV-1p24 病毒粒子的生成，并增加病毒 RNA 基因组中 N6-腺苷甲基化的水平。

NNRT-IN-4 (Compound 10p) 是一种非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂，对 HIV-1RT 的 IC50 为 0.713 µM。它显示出抗病毒活性，能够抑制 HIV-1 野生型和突变株，EC50 范围为 6-63 nM。NNRT-IN-4 对 hERG (IC50=25.9 µM) 和 CYP 酶 (IC50>50 µM) 的抑制活性较弱。在小鼠中，NNRT-IN-4 的耐受性和安全性良好 (2 g/kg)。

Lepetegravir (Example 24) 是HIV整合酶 (HIV integrase) 的抑制剂。此化合物在MT-4细胞中显示出抗病毒活性，EC50为0.98 nM。

NNRT-IN-15 (Compound 16 a) 是一种高效的非核苷类逆转录酶 (NNRT) 抑制剂。其对野生型HIV-1的EC50为3 nM，能够有效抑制七种突变株 (如L100I、K103N、Y181C等)，EC50介于8.2至43.4 nM。该化合物对MT-4细胞展现出较低的细胞毒性 (CC50= 196.46 μM)。此外，NNRT-IN-15 还可以抑制野生型HIV-1RT和hERG通道，其IC50分别为0.7599 μM和27.455 μM。此化合物适用于HIV-1感染的研究。

AMD-070 hydrochloride 是一种 CXCR4 拮抗剂，可用于抗 HIV。

3'-Deoxy-4-thiothymidine can moderately active in protecting HIV-induced cytopathogenicity of MT-2 and CEM cells.

ZK 756326 是一种选择性的非肽 CCR8 趋化因子受体激动剂（IC50：1.8 μM，在人体内；2.6 μM，在小鼠体内）。对 CCR4/5 和 CXCR3/4 没有活性，比其他 26 种 GPCR 的选择性高 28 倍（对 α2A 和 5-HT 受体的选择性较低）。诱导趋化性并抑制 Env 介导的 (HIV) 细胞-细胞融合。

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

O-11 is an analog of the fully saturated, 14-carbon fatty acid myristic acid, in which the methylene group at position 11 is replaced with oxygen. It is highly effective and selective at killingTrypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness, exhibiting an LD50of less than 1 μM in a cell culture assay.1,2The toxic effects of O-11 appear to be caused by its ability to inhibit the incorporation of a single myristate into the GPI anchor of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), a protein critical for evading the host immune response.1O-11 exhibits essentially no anti-fungal activity when assayed usingC. neoformans, but does have a minor inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication in T-lymphocytes.3 1.Doering, T.L., Raper, J., Buxbaum, L.U., et al.An analog of myristic acid with selective toxicity for African trypanosomesScience2521851-1854(1991) 2.Doering, T.L., Lu, T., Werbovetz, K.A., et al.Toxicity of myristic acid analogs toward African trypanosomesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America919735-9739(1994) 3.Langner, C.A., Lodge, J.K., Travis, S.J., et al.4-Oxatetradecanoic acid is fungicidal for Cryptococcus neoformans and inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus IThe Journal of Biological Chemisty267(24)17159-17169(1992)

3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003). 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4 References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003).