N-Desmethyltamoxifen, the principal metabolite of tamoxifen in humans, serves as an efficacious modulator of ceramide metabolism within human AML cells by inhibiting ceramide glycosylation, hydrolysis, and sphingosine phosphorylation. Although it demonstrates weak antiestrogenic properties, it acts as a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with a potency ten times greater than that of tamoxifen.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed by non-enzymatic chemical reactions following the bonding of sugars to proteins or lipids during diabetes, uremia, aging, rheumatic arthritis, and other conditions. A receptor for the AGEs (RAGE) binds certain members of this class to initiate cell signaling.[1][2] Pentosidine is a well-characterized natural AGE that is often used as a biomarker for the production of all AGEs. While pentosidine can be measured in urine, the majority of this AGE is catabolized before excretion.[3] Reference:[1]. Neeper, M., Schmidt, A.M., Brett, J., et al. Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 267(21), 14998-15004 (1992).[2]. Brett, J., Schmidt, A.M., Yan, S.D., et al. Survey of the distribution of a newly characterized receptor for advanced glycation end products in tissues. American Journal of Pathology 143(6), 1699-1712 (1993).[3]. Miyata, T., Ueda, Y., Horie, K., et al. Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: The fate of pentosidine. Kidney International 53, 416-422 (1998).
3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranose 1,2-(methyl orthoacetate) is a synthetic intermediate used in glycosylation reactions. Typically, the methyl orthoester protecting group is first removed by mild acid hydrolysis, producing a glycosyl donor. Removal of the O-benzyl protecting groups is performed late in the synthesis.
TunR1 is an antibiotic and derivative of tunicamycin .1It is active againstB. subtilis(MIC = 0.3 μg ml) and increases the efficacy of the β-lactam antibiotics oxacillin , methicillin , and penicillin G againstB. subtiliswhen used at a concentration of 0.4 μg ml. TunR1 (5 μg ml) is cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and non-cancerous CHO cells. Unlike tunicamycin, TunR1 does not inhibit glycosylation in a protein N-glycosylation assay. 1.Price, N.P., Hartman, T.M., Li, J., et al.Modified tunicamycins with reduced eukaryotic toxicity that enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactamsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)70(11)1070-1077(2017)
TunR2 is an antibiotic and derivative of tunicamycin .1It is active againstB. subtilis(MIC = 0.3 μg ml) and increases the efficacy of the β-lactam antibiotics oxacillin , methicillin , and penicillin G againstB. subtiliswhen used at a concentration of 0.4 μg ml. Unlike tunicamycin, TunR2 is non-toxic toS. cerevisiae(MIC = >10 μg ml) and does not inhibit glycosylation in a protein N-glycosylation assay. TunR2 also has reduced antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 and CHO cells compared with tunicamycin. 1.Price, N.P., Hartman, T.M., Li, J., et al.Modified tunicamycins with reduced eukaryotic toxicity that enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactamsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)70(11)1070-1077(2017)
MUC1, mucin core is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is characterized by its overexpression and abnormal glycosylation in carcinoma cells. It specifically binds to domain 1 of ICAM-1.
FMOC-L-THR (AZP-531) is an analogue of unacylated ghrelin designed to improve glycaemic control and reduce weight. The O-glycosidic linkage and the O-acetyl protection in this building block is stable to both piperidine and TFA, making it completely compatible with standard protocols in Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. The Tn antigen is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen that is not normally expressed in peripheral tissues or blood cells. Expression of this antigen, which is found in a majority of human carcinomas of all types, arises from a blockage in the normal O-glycosylation pathway in which glycans are extended from the common precursor GalNAcα1-O-Ser Thr (Tn +antigen)[1].