glycosylation

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) 是一种天然黄酮，具有显著的“两种颜色”固有荧光特性。它具有抗真菌、抗病毒、抗菌、抗突变、抗氧化和抗自由基活性，高效抑制 EYPC 膜脂质过氧化和 HbA 糖基化。

1-Deoxymannojirimycin hydrochloride 是一种选择性的 α1,2-甘露糖苷酶抑制剂，IC50值为 20 μM。它还抑制 HIV-1 毒株，抗病毒活性较差。

Benzyl-α-GalNAc (O-glycosylation-IN-1) 是 O-糖基化的有效抑制剂，用于减少细胞表面粘蛋白的含量。它抑制人胰腺癌细胞模型黏蛋白 O-糖基化的合成。

T3Inh-1 是一种有效的选择性 ppGalNAc-T3 抑制剂，IC50 为 7 µM。 T3Inh-1 可预防乳腺癌细胞。 T3Inh-1 降低组织细胞和小鼠中的 FGF23 激素水平，而不会引起任何毒副作用。

Tunicamycin 是一种抗生素的混合物，通过阻断 GlcNAc 磷酸转移酶 (GPT)，抑制 N-连接糖基化。Tunicamycin 具有抗肿瘤活性，还具有抗细菌、抗真菌和抗病毒活性。

Pyrimidine (Metadiazine) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

D-Mannose (D-(+)-Mannose) 是糖类，在人体代谢过程，尤其在特定蛋白的糖基化过程中具有重要作用。

D-(+)-Xylose (Wood sugar) 是一种是一种戊醛糖，其化学式为C5H10O5，甜度为蔗糖的40%。木糖也存在于结缔组织的粘多糖中，有时也存在于尿液中。

2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid (Formylformic acid) 是乙醛酸循环的中间体，使某些生物体能够将脂肪酸转化为碳水化合物。2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid 被发现与原发性高草酸尿有关，这是一种先天性代谢错误。作为一种醛，乙醛酸酯也具有高活性，可以修饰蛋白质形成晚期糖基化产物(AGEs)。

Galactose是一种广泛存在于大多数活细胞中的单糖和己醛糖，主要通过SGLT1和GLUT2转运蛋白吸收进入血液循环，通过Leloir途径代谢。Galactose对猴肾CoS-1细胞中的Alglucerase具有抑制活性，是细胞糖缀合物的重要组成部分，在新生儿神经发育中具有重要作用。

6-Methoxytricin 是从积雪草中分离的黄酮类化合物，是醛糖还原酶 (AR) 和晚期糖基化终产物 (AGE) 的抑制剂，抑制生物细胞中的T细胞增殖和活化。

N-Desmethyltamoxifen, the principal metabolite of tamoxifen in humans, serves as an efficacious modulator of ceramide metabolism within human AML cells by inhibiting ceramide glycosylation, hydrolysis, and sphingosine phosphorylation. Although it demonstrates weak antiestrogenic properties, it acts as a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with a potency ten times greater than that of tamoxifen.

Caffeic acid 4-O-glucoside(Linocaffein)是Caffeic acid的糖基化产物，逆转Aβ25-35诱导的轴突萎缩和诱导小鼠皮质神经元轴突再生，可用于阿尔茨海默病研究。

6′SLN, 作为主要的EVs蛋白质糖基化形式，是癌症相关细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 表面具有特征性的糖基。此外，作为唾液酸的衍生物，6′SLN 能与人类及禽流感病毒株的血凝素 (HAs) 交互作用，因此在抗流感药物的开发中具有潜在应用价值。

L-Erythrose（L-赤藓糖，L-(+)-Erythrose）是一种四糖和醛糖，氧化细菌能够以L-Erythrose作为其唯一的能量来源。L-Erythrose参与赤藓糖醇的合成过程，因此可用于糖基化研究和表征赤藓糖还原酶（erythrose reductase，ER）活性。

BACE-IN-1 acetate (BACE-IN-1 acetate (350228-37-4，Free base)) 已被用作 BACE1 抑制剂测定中的 β 位淀粉样前体蛋白 (APP) 裂解酶-1 (BACE1) 抑制剂。 β-位点淀粉样前体蛋白 (APP) 切割酶-1 (BACE1)是一种天冬氨酸蛋白酶，属于蛋白酶家族，由六个腔内半胱氨酸残基组成。这些残基有助于形成三个分子间二硫键和 N-连接的糖基化位点。

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed by non-enzymatic chemical reactions following the bonding of sugars to proteins or lipids during diabetes, uremia, aging, rheumatic arthritis, and other conditions. A receptor for the AGEs (RAGE) binds certain members of this class to initiate cell signaling.[1][2] Pentosidine is a well-characterized natural AGE that is often used as a biomarker for the production of all AGEs. While pentosidine can be measured in urine, the majority of this AGE is catabolized before excretion.[3] Reference：[1]. Neeper, M., Schmidt, A.M., Brett, J., et al. Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 267(21), 14998-15004 (1992).[2]. Brett, J., Schmidt, A.M., Yan, S.D., et al. Survey of the distribution of a newly characterized receptor for advanced glycation end products in tissues. American Journal of Pathology 143(6), 1699-1712 (1993).[3]. Miyata, T., Ueda, Y., Horie, K., et al. Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: The fate of pentosidine. Kidney International 53, 416-422 (1998).

3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranose 1,2-(methyl orthoacetate) is a synthetic intermediate used in glycosylation reactions. Typically, the methyl orthoester protecting group is first removed by mild acid hydrolysis, producing a glycosyl donor. Removal of the O-benzyl protecting groups is performed late in the synthesis.

TunR1 is an antibiotic and derivative of tunicamycin .1It is active againstB. subtilis(MIC = 0.3 μg ml) and increases the efficacy of the β-lactam antibiotics oxacillin , methicillin , and penicillin G againstB. subtiliswhen used at a concentration of 0.4 μg ml. TunR1 (5 μg ml) is cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and non-cancerous CHO cells. Unlike tunicamycin, TunR1 does not inhibit glycosylation in a protein N-glycosylation assay. 1.Price, N.P., Hartman, T.M., Li, J., et al.Modified tunicamycins with reduced eukaryotic toxicity that enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactamsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)70(11)1070-1077(2017)

TunR2 is an antibiotic and derivative of tunicamycin .1It is active againstB. subtilis(MIC = 0.3 μg ml) and increases the efficacy of the β-lactam antibiotics oxacillin , methicillin , and penicillin G againstB. subtiliswhen used at a concentration of 0.4 μg ml. Unlike tunicamycin, TunR2 is non-toxic toS. cerevisiae(MIC = >10 μg ml) and does not inhibit glycosylation in a protein N-glycosylation assay. TunR2 also has reduced antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 and CHO cells compared with tunicamycin. 1.Price, N.P., Hartman, T.M., Li, J., et al.Modified tunicamycins with reduced eukaryotic toxicity that enhance the antibacterial activity of β-lactamsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)70(11)1070-1077(2017)

Antibacterial agent 18 是一种多臂 AIE 分子，具有抗菌活性，抑制革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的生长，通过阻碍转糖和转肽过程来影响细菌细胞壁合成，可用于研究细菌感染。

UDP-α-D-Glucose sodium hydrate是一种内源性代谢物和嘧啶核苷酸糖，和代谢过程中的糖基转移反应有关，是糖原和蔗糖等的前体和酶的底物。

Vaccarin 是从王不留行中提取的一种黄酮糖苷，可显著促进伤口愈合以及伤口部位的内皮和成纤维细胞增殖。它通过激活 AMPK 信号通路改善胰岛素抵抗和脂肪变性。

MUC1, mucin core is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is characterized by its overexpression and abnormal glycosylation in carcinoma cells. It specifically binds to domain 1 of ICAM-1.