chromosomal

NSC 617145 (NSC617145) 是一种 WRN 解旋酶抑制剂，IC50值为 230 nM。它以浓度依赖性方式抑制 WRN 解旋酶的 ATP 酶，并诱导双链断裂和染色体异常。

Leptomycin B (LMB) 是一种抗真菌抗生素，可阻断真核细胞周期，抑制蛋白出核转运。Leptomycin 通过半胱氨酸残基处的共价修饰使 CRM1 exportin 1失活。

KPT-251 是一种选择性核输出抑制剂。

Bimolane 是一种拓扑异构酶 II 抑制剂。

o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) 是一种金属螯合剂，能够与 Fe2+形成红色螯合物，在 510 nm 处最大吸收，可防止链脲佐菌素诱导染色体畸变。它也是一种MMP 的抑制剂。

Tirapazamine (Win59075) 是抗癌剂，对实体瘤中的缺氧细胞具有选择性细胞毒性，促使 DNA 中的单链和双链断裂，碱基损伤和细胞死亡。

ZIM，一种从4-Aminoantipyrine衍生的降冰片烯，有效诱导DNA损伤，造成基因组及染色体损害，进而引发细胞死亡和激活吞噬。其化疗潜力适用于癌症研究。

Antipain is a protease inhibitor isolated from Actinomycetes. Antipain inhibits N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced transformation and increases chromosomal aberrations[1][2].

5-Methyl-5,6-dihydrouridine is a minor constituent in the chromosomal RNA of the rat ascites tumor. It can be used for nucleic acid modification.

8-Chloro caffeine 结合腺苷受体 (adenosine receptors) 的 Ki 值为 30 µM。它能够增强 Cl-I 型中国仓鼠胚胎肺细胞中紫外线诱导的染色体畸变。作为甲基黄嘌呤生物碱咖啡因的衍生物，8-Chloro caffeine 显示出这些特性。

Antipain dihydrochloride (Antipain 2HCl) 是一种从 Actinomycetes 提取到的蛋白酶抑制剂，具有镇痛活性，抑制 X 射线诱导的人淋巴细胞染色体畸变。

Merbarone is a Type II DNA topoisomerase inhibitor. Merbarone inhibits the catalytic activity of human topoisomerase IIalpha by blocking DNA cleavage. Merbarone induces activation of caspase-activated DNase and excision of chromosomal DNA loops from the n

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001). Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4 References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001).

5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine 是 DNA 中 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) 的氧化衍生物，引起DNA损伤反应，染色体畸变，复制叉损伤和细胞活力丧失。5-Hydroxymethyl-2’-deoxycytidine 复制叉不稳定性与染色质上聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶1（PARP1）的存在有关。

KIF18A-IN-2 是有丝分裂驱动蛋白 Kif18A 的抑制剂，IC50 为 28 nM，可用于染色体不稳定性相关漏洞的研究。

Methapyrilene fumarate is a histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies. It is a hepatocarcinogen in sufficiently high doses, inducing mutations through an indirect genotoxic mechanism; e.g., via an oxidative mechanism or interaction with chromosomal proteins.

GNE-8525 is a potent and selective pan-TRK inhibitor. GNE-8525 demonstrated potent antiproliferation activity with IC50 = 0.003 μM. In a tumor xenograft model derived from the KM12 cell line, GNE-8525 demonstrated in vivo antitumor efficacy when administered at ascending doses twice daily (bid) for 14 days in rats. Deregulated kinase activities of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) family members have been shown to be associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in a variety of cancer types. In particular, several chromosomal rearrangements involving TRKA have been reported in colorectal, papillary thyroid, glioblastoma, melanoma, and lung tissue that are believed to be the key oncogenic driver in these tumors.

Alentemol, also known as U-66444B abd alentamol, is a selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist described as an antipsychotic. Chromosomal breakage following treatment of CHO-K1 cells in vitro with U-68,553B is due to induction of undercondensation of heterochromatin.

Streptonigrin is an aminoquinone antitumor and antibacterial antibiotic produced by Streptomyces flocculus. Streptonigrin inhibits β-Catenin Tcf signaling and shows cytotoxicity in β-catenin-activated cells. Streptonigrin induces delayed chromosomal instability involving interstitial telomeric sequences in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Note: Streptonigrin from natural resource is (-)-rotation, has CAS#3930-19-6 and is a R-isomer.

Manool 是一种来自丹参的二萜，在小鼠黑色素瘤模型中显示出抗肿瘤活性。Manool 可使癌细胞细胞周期停滞在的 G(2) M 期，降低预防染色体损伤和癌前病变。Manool 促使大鼠主动脉中由 NO cGMP 信号通路介导的内皮依赖性血管松弛和血压降低。

4α-Phorbol 是 PKC 激活剂 12-myristate 13-acetate 的衍生物。能在离体小鼠骨髓成红细胞中诱导染色体损伤。