The prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) is one of four G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 . Binding of PGE2 to the EP4 receptor causes an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which plays important roles in bone formation and resorption, cancer, and atherosclerosis. KMN-80 is a substituted γ-lactam (pyrrolidinone) derivative of PGE1 that acts as a selective and potent agonist of EP4 with an IC50 value of 3 nM (IC50 = 1.4 μM for EP3 and > 10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors). In functional assays it has been shown to stimulate secreted alkaline phosphatase gene reporter activity in EP4-transfected HEK293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.19 nM, demonstrating >5,000 and 50,000-fold selectivity against EP2 and TP, respectively. KMN-80 can induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells from both young and aged rats into osteoblasts in vitro (EC50s = 20 and 153 nM, respectively) and exhibits favorable tolerability up to at least 10 μM, whereas the EP4 agonist L-902,688 is highly cytotoxic at similar concentrations in these cells. KMN-80 has been used to repair calvarial defects in an in vivo rat craniomaxillofacial reconstruction model (rate of reduction in defect size equivalent to BMP-2 treated rats) and to promote bone formation in a rat incisor tooth socket model.
Rimegepant, also known as BMS-927711 and BHV-3000, is a potent, selective, competitive, and orally active calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist in clinical trials for treating migraines. Rimegepant has shown in vivo efficacy without vasoconstriction effect. BMS-927711 is superior to placebo at several different doses (75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg) and has an excellent tolerability profile.
Inupadenant is an orally active, highly selective A2A receptor antagonist. Inupadenant is not brain-penetrant. Inupadenant has potent anti-tumor activity[1]. [1]. Laurence Buisseret, et al. Phase 1 trial of the adenosine A2Areceptor antagonist inupadenant (EOS-850): Update on tolerability, and antitumor activity potentially associated with the expression of the A2A receptor within the tumor. Journal of Clinical Oncology. Volume 39, Issue 15_suppl.
AZ0108 is an orally bioavailable, potent PARP1,2,6 inhibitor that potently inhibits centrosome clustering and is suitable for in vivo efficacy and tolerability studies. AZ0108 has been utilized as in vitro tools and in vivo probes to investigate the biological consequences of inhibiting centrosome clustering through PARP enzymes. AZ0108 is more selective in its enzyme inhibition profile and effects on cellular pathways and phenotypes. Specifically, AZ0108 inhibits PARPs 1, 2, and 6 with approximately 100-fold selectivity against PARP3 and TNKS1. Consistent with this lack of potencytowards tankyrase, AZ0108 is not active in a DLD-1 Wnt luciferase reporter assay.
The immunoregulator spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is upregulated in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). This double-blind, multicentre, Phase Ib study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of the selective SYK inhibitor GSK2646264 in active CLE lesions