tlr2/1

TLR2 agonist1 (Compound R-7d) 作为人类 toll 样受体 2 (TLR 2) 的有效激动剂,展现出 EC50 值为 116 pM.该化合物主要通过 TLR2 TLR1 异二聚体促进 NF-κB 启动子的激活.

Pam3CSK4 TFA (Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 TFA) 是 Toll 样受体 1 2 激动剂，对人 TLR1 2 的EC50为 0.47 ng mL。

C29 是 Toll 样受体 2 抑制剂，可阻断 hTLR2 1 和 hTLR2 6 信号，IC50值分别为 19.7 和 37.6 μM。

CU-CPT22 是 toll 样受体 1 和 2 蛋白复合物抑制剂，可阻断 Pam3CSK4诱导的 TLR1 2 激活，IC50值为 0.58 µM。 它与 TLR1 2 结合的合成三酰脂蛋白竞争，Ki 值为 0.41 µM。

Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) 是由水通道蛋白3 (AQP3) 和磷脂酶 D2 (PLD2) 作用而产生的天然磷脂。此化合物能抑制巨噬细胞产生炎症介质，此作用是通过热休克蛋白 B4 (HSPB4) 激活的 toll 样受体 2 (TLR2)来实现的。

NCI 126224 是一种 toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) 的拮抗剂。它在 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中，选择性抑制由 TLR4 激动剂 LPS 引起的一氧化氮 (NO) 产生（IC50 = 0.31 µM），而对 TLR7/8 激动剂 R-848、TLR1/2 激动剂 Pam3CSK4 以及 TLR3 激动剂 poly(I:C) 的影响较小；但对于相同细胞中由 TLR2/6 激动剂 FSL-1 引起的 NO 产生，其抑制作用在 0.6 µM 时亦显现。此外，NCI 126224 在 BV-2 微胶质细胞的报告实验中抑制了 LPS 引起的 NF-κB 活性，并在 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中降低了 LPS 引起的 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 水平（IC50s = 5.92, 0.42, 和 1.54 µM，分别）。

Diprovocim-X (compound 35) 为有效的TLR1 TLR2激动剂，其对hTLR1 TLR2和mTLR1 TLR2的EC50值分别为0.14 nM和0.75 nM。此化合物在小鼠体内作为佐剂使用时，能有效激发适应性免疫反应。

PSMα3 TFA 作为一种肽类化合物，主要用于诱导生成耐受性的树突细胞（DC），以应用于DC疫苗接种。该化合物能对TLR2和TLR4诱导的DC成熟过程进行调节，抑制促炎和消炎细胞因子的产生，降低抗原摄取，并影响人单核细胞来源DC的渗透和调节能力。此外，PSMα3 TFA 是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）中最有毒株释放的关键毒素之一。

MMG-11 quarterhydrate 是人TLR2的选择性拮抗剂，可抑制 TLR2 1 和 TLR2 6 信号，且细胞毒性低。MMG-11 quarterhydrate 对 Pam3CSK4诱导的 hTLR2 1 和 Pam2CSK4诱导的 hTLR2 6 反应的IC50值分别为 1.7 μM 和 5.7 μM。

WYJ-2 是一种选择性激活 Toll 样受体 2 1 (TLR2 1) 的化合物，在瞬时共转染人TLR2和TLR1的HEK 293T 细胞中，其EC50值为18.57 nM。WYJ-2 能诱导细胞焦亡 (pyroptosis) 并对非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 展现抗癌活性。

Corilagin 是一种鞣酸，有抑制 RNA 肿瘤病毒逆转录酶的活性。它抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长，MIC 为 25 μg mL。它有抗肿瘤活性，可用于肝癌和卵巢癌。

Diprovocim-1 is an agonist of the toll-like receptor 1/2 heterodimer.1It induces TNF-α release in THP-1 cells (EC50= 110 pM), an effect that can be inhibited by anti-TLR1 or anti-TLR2 antibodies. Diprovocim-1 (10 mg/kg) increases the production of ovalbumin-specific IgG1 in wild-type, but notTLR2-/-, mice sensitized to ovalbumin.2It also enhances anti-PD-L1 antibody-induced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, reduction of tumor growth, and increases in survival in a B16/F10 murine melanoma model. 1.Morin, M.D., Wang, Y., Jones, B.T., et al.Diprovocims: A new and exceptionally potent class of toll-like receptor agonistsJ. Am. Chem. Soc.140(43)14440-14454(2018) 2.Wang, Y., Su, L., Morin, M.D., et al.Adjuvant effect of the novel TLR1/TLR2 agonist Diprovocim synergizes with anti-PD-L1 to eliminate melanoma in miceProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.115(37)E8698-E8706(2018)

MMG-11 inhibits both TLR2 1 and TLR2 6 signaling (IC50s: 1.7 μM for Pam3CSK4-induced hTLR2 1 and 5.7 μM for Pam2CSK4-induced hTLR2 6 responses). MMG-11 is an effective and selective human TLR2 antagonist with low cytotoxicity.

Ganglioside GD1a is a sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid found in brain, erythrocytes, bone marrow, testis, spleen, and liver. [1] It can be shed from the surface of tumor cells into the microenvironment where it influences tumor-host cell interactions to promote tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Ganglioside GD1a (20 μM) also increases endothelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, ganglioside GD1a has been shown to act as a functional coreceptor for toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), enabling the recruitment of TLR2 to lipid rafts when bound by a bacterial toxin.[2] Ganglioside GD1a mixture contains ganglioside GD1a molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

SMU127 is an agonist of the toll-like receptor 1 2 (TLR1 2) heterodimer.1It induces NF-κB signaling in cells expressing human TLR2 (EC50= 0.55 μM) but not cells expressing human TLR3, -4, -5, -7, or -8 when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μM. SMU127 induces the production of TNF-α in isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when used at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 μM.In vivo, SMU127 (0.1 mg animal) reduces tumor volume in a 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model. 1.Chen, Z., Cen, X., Yang, J., et al.Structure-based discovery of a specific TLR1-TLR2 small molecule agonist from the ZINC drug library databaseChem. Commun. (Camb.)54(81)11411-11414(2018)

GSK717 是 NOD2(核苷酸结合寡聚结构域 2) 的选择性抑制剂。它抑制壁酰二肽 (MDP) 诱导的 NOD2 介导的信号转导，抑制 MDP 刺激的 HEK293 hNOD2 细胞分泌 IL-8 (IC50为 400 nM)。

FSL-1 TFA, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2 6 (TLR2 6) agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection[1]. FSL-1 TFA induces MMP-9 production through TLR2 and NF-κB AP-1 signaling pathways in monocytic THP-1 cells[2]. FSL-1 significantly reduces HSV-2 replication in human vaginal epithelial cells (EC)[1].FSL-1 induces significant resistance to experimental genital HSV-2 infection through elaboration of a specific cytokine response profile[1].FSL-1 (50 ng mL, 24 hours) induces MMP-9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in human monocytic THP-1 cells[2].FSL-1 activates the MAP kinase NF-κB signaling pathway[2]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: V11I, V12I or V19I immortalized human vaginal EC FSL-1 application significantly protectes against genital HSV-2 challenge in mice[1]. Animal Model: Female Swiss-Webster mice (weighing 20-25 g)[1] [1]. William A Rose 2nd, et al. FSL-1, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2 6 agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection. Virol J. 2009 Nov 10;6:195. [2]. Cathryn J Kurkjian,et al. The Toll-Like Receptor 2 6 Agonist, FSL-1 Lipopeptide, Therapeutically Mitigates Acute Radiation Syndrome. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 11;7(1):17355.