therapies

GSK-3484862 是 有效的 DNA 甲基转移酶 Dnmt1的非共价抑制剂。GSK-3484862 通过诱导 DNA 低甲基化起抗癌作用。GSK-3484862 介导小鼠胚胎干细胞的整体去甲基化。

alpha-L-Rhamnose (6-Deoxy-L-mannose) 是存在植物和细菌中的一种单糖。Rhamnose- 免疫原连接物能被用于免疫疗法。Rhamnose 能通过胞外途径穿过上皮细胞，能够作为肠吸收的标志。

DB07268 是选择性JNK1抑制剂，IC50值为 9 nM。

PC Mal-NHS carbonate ester is a cleavable linker specifically designed for the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[1]. This chemical compound plays a crucial role in facilitating the conjugation of drugs to antibodies, enabling targeted delivery and enhanced efficacy of therapeutic agents. Its unique carbonate ester structure allows for efficient cleavage in the targeted environment, ensuring the controlled release of the drug payload. Its application in ADC synthesis highlights its importance in the development of innovative and targeted cancer therapies.

DS03090629 是一款具备口服活性的MEK抑制剂，其作用机制为通过 ATP 竞争性抑制MEK。该化合物对MEK及其磷酸化形式表现出高度亲和，Kd值依次为 0.11 和 0.15 nM。该化合物对含有BRAF突变的黑色素瘤细胞系显示出抑制作用，其中对含BRAFV600E和MEK1F53L突变的A375细胞系的IC50值分别为 74.3 nM 和 97.8 nM。因此，DS03090629 在治疗黑色素瘤方面展现了较大的潜力。

Ketorolac (RS37619) hydrochloride 属于非甾体抗炎药，作为非选择性的COX抑制剂，其对COX-1和COX-2的IC50值依次为20 nM和120 nM。该化合物以0.5%浓度制成滴眼液，主要用于治疗过敏性结膜炎、黄斑囊状水肿、手术中瞳孔缩小及手术后眼炎疼痛。此外，Ketorolac hydrochloride 还被研究作为DDX3抑制剂，用于癌症治疗领域的应用。

SKQ1，又名Visomitin或者plastoquinonyl decyltriphenyl phosphonium (PDTP)，是一种高效的针对线粒体的抗氧化剂。作为Visomitin滴眼药水的活性化合物成分（API），SKQ1展现了多种生物医学活性：(1) 防止淀粉样β蛋白导致的大鼠海马切片长时程增强功能受损；(2) 逆转大鼠的老化相关生物标志物；(3) 减缓Wistar和OXYS大鼠的视网膜及其血管层的老化相关破坏性变化；(4) 在LP或SPF环境下延长雄性啮齿类动物的寿命。SKQ1能够穿透细胞膜，被提议用于抗衰老治疗。Visomitin的API SKQ1目前在俄罗斯进行临床试验以治疗青光眼。注意：为了使用方便，SKQ1提供为乙醇-水（1:1, v v）溶液，浓度为200mg mL。

GSK-982, an opioid receptor antagonist, has activity as potential therapies for obesity.

Axelopran sulfate is used in Oral Therapies for Opioid-induced Bowel Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

CG0009 is a potent and highly selective glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor that inhibitions proliferation, induces apoptosis, and activates the p53-Bax pathway in breast cancer cells through cyclin D1 depletion. CG0009 inhibit breast cancer cell

Flutafuranol, also known as AZD 4694 and NAV4694, is a bio-active chemical. AZD4694 shows high affinity for beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro (K(d) = 2.3 + - 0.3 nM). The fluorine-18 labeled AZD4694 may have potential for PET-visualization of cerebral beta-am

Bempedoic acid (ETC1002) 是一种 ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶抑制剂，可激活AMPK。它是脂质和碳水化合物代谢的调节剂。

Lyso-globotriaosylceramide is a form of globotriaosylceramide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. It binds to Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) in the presence of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine but does not bind Stx2. It also reduces viability and aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate when used at concentrations of 50 and 1 μM, respectively. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. It also accumulates in the urine, kidney, and plasma of patients with Fabry disease. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide levels decrease in response to administration of the α-galactosidase inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin in a transgenic mouse model of Fabry disease. Decreases in plasma and urine concentrations of lyso-globotriaosylceramide have been used as a biomarker for efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and other therapies in the treatment of Fabry disease.

Quorum sensing is a regulatory process used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.[1] This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production.[2] Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group) and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family.[3] C16:1-Δ9-(L)-HSL is a long-chain AHL that functions as a quorum sensing signaling molecule in strains of S. meliloti.[4],[5],[6],[7] Regulating bacterial quorum sensing signaling can be used to inhibit pathogenesis and thus, represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases.[8] Reference：[1]. González, J.E., and Keshavan, N.D. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70(4), 859-875 (2006).[2]. Gould, T.A., Herman, J., Krank, J., et al. Specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone syntheses examined by mass spectrometry. J. Bacteriol. 188(2), 773-783 (2006).[3]. Penalver, C.G.N., Morin, D., Cantet, F., et al. Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 produces a novel type of acyl-homoserine lactone with a double unsaturated side chain under methylotrophic growth conditions. FEBS Lett. 580(2), 561-567 (2006).[4]. Teplitski, M., Eberhard, A., Gronquist, M.R., et al. Chemical identification of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti strains in defined medium. Archives of Microbiology 180, 494-497 (2003).[5]. Gao, M., Chen, H., Eberhard, A., et al. sinI- and expR-dependent quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 187(23), 7931-7944 (2005).[6]. Marketon, M.M., Glenn, S.A., Eberhard, A., et al. Quorum sensing controls exopolysaccharide production in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 185(1), 325-331 (2003).[7]. Marketon, M., Gronquist, M.R., Eberhard, A., et al. Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti sinR sinI locus and the production of novel N-Acyl homoserine lactones. Journal of Bacteriology 184(20), 5686-5695 (2002).[8]. Cegelski, L., Marshall, G.R., Eldridge, G.R., et al. The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6(1), 17-27 (2008).

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.[1] This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production.[2] Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling systems to inhibit pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases.[3] AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family.[4] C16-HSL is one of a number of lipophilic, long acyl side-chain bearing AHLs, including its monounsaturated analog C16:1-(L)-HSL, produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI involved in quorum-sensing signaling in S. meliloti, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of certain legumes.[5],[6] C16-HSL is the most abundant AHL produced by the proteobacterium R. capsulatus and activates genetic exchange between R. capsulatus cells.[7] N-Hexadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in relatively lipophilic cellular environments of bacteria and cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane. The long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones may be exported from cells by efflux pumps or may be transported between communicating cells by way of extracellular outer membrane vesicles.[8],[9]Reference:[1]. González, J.E., and Keshavan, N.D. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70(4), 859-875 (2006).[2]. Gould, T.A., Herman, J., Krank, J., et al. Specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone syntheses examined by mass spectrometry Journal of Bacteriology 188(2), 773-783 (2006).[3]. Cegelski, L., Marshall, G.R., Eldridge, G.R., et al. The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies Nature Reviews.Microbiology 6(1), 17-27 (2008).[4]. Penalver, C.G.N., Morin, D., Cantet, F., et al. Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 produces a novel type of acyl-homoserine lactone with a double unsaturated side chain under methylotrophic growth conditions FEBS Letters 580, 561-567 (2006).[5]. Gao, M., Chen, H., Eberhard, A., et al. sinI- and expR-dependent quorum sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti Journal of Bacteriology 187(23), 7931-7944 (2005).[6]. Teplitski, M., Eberhard, A., Gronquist, M.R., et al. Chemical identification of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti strains in defined medium Archives of Microbiology 180, 494-497 (2003).[7]. Schaefer, A.L., Taylor, T.A., Beatty, J.T., et al. Long-chain acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing regulation of Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent production Journal of Bacteriology 184(23), 6515-6521 (2002).[8]. Pearson, J.P., Van Delden, C., and Iglewski, B.H. Active efflux and diffusion are involved in transport of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-to-cell signals Journal of Bacteriology 181(4), 1203-1210 (1999).[9]. Mashburn-Warren, L., and Whiteley, M. Special delivery: Vesicle trafficking in prokaryotes Molecular Microbiology 61(4), 839-846 (2006).

mGluR2 antagonist 1 is a potent and selective class of negative allosteric modulator targeting the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) with high oral bioavailability. It displays a remarkable affinity for mGluR2, with an IC50 value of 9 nM. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent permeability across the blood-brain barrier, making it a promising candidate for central nervous system-related studies or therapies.

Bexirestrant is an orally active ER-α degrader commonly employed in the research of antiestrogen and antineoplastic therapies.

KRN383 also inhibited the proliferation of the ITD-positive cell lines with IC(50) values of < or =2.9 nM. A single oral administration of 80 mg kg of KRN383 eradicated ITD-positive xenograft tumors in nude mice and prolonged the survival of SCID mice carrying ITD-positive AML cells. The effectiveness of a single oral dose of KRN383 suggests that it has the potential to be used in a wide variety of clinical regimens, including multicycle and combination therapies.

BAY-707 is a substrate-competitive, highly potent and selective inhibitor of MTH1. Despite superior cellular target engagement and pharmacokinetic properties, inhibition of MTH1 with BAY-707 resulted in a clear lack of in vitro or in vivo anticancer efficacy either in mono- or in combination therapies.

RPR-200765A is a potent and selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase (IC50 = 50 nM). It inhibits LPS-stimulated TNFalpha release both in vitro, from human monocytes (EC50 = 110 nM), and in vivo in Balb c mice (ED50 = 6 mg kg). At oral doses between 10 and 30 mg kg day it reduces the incidence and progression in the rat streptococcal cell wall (SCW) arthritis model when administered in either prophylactic or therapeutic dosing regimens. The compound, which is a mesylate salt and exists as a stable monohydrate, shows good oral bioavailabiltiy (F = 50% in the rat) and excellent chemical stability. The data from the SCW disease model suggests that RPR200765A could exhibit a profile of disease modifying activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients which is not observed with current drug therapies.

PH11 is a novel Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) inhibitor. PH11 restores TRAIL apoptotic pathway in PANC-1 cells through down-regulation of c-FLIP via inhibition of FAK and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) AKT pathways. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) emerges as one of the most-promising experimental cancer therapeutic drugs and is currently being tested in clinical trials. However, both intrinsic and acquired resistance of human cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis poses a huge problem in establishing clinically efficient TRAIL therapies.

BMS-351 is a potent and selective, nonsteroidal CYP17A1 lyase inhibitor with robust selectivity over steroidogenic CYPs 21A2 and 11B1. BMS-351 emerges as an outstanding preclinical candidate to treat CRPC and is likely to minimize the side effects of current therapies due to its exceptional selectivity. BMS-351 is potentially useful for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

Tiagabine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tiagabine by GC- or LC-MS. Tiagabine is an inhibitor of GABA transporter 1. It inhibits seizures induced by DMCM in mice. Tiagabine reduces allodynia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain when used at a dose of 72.8 µmol kg, and it acts synergistically with gabapentin to delay pain responses in mice in the hot plate test. Formulations containing tiagabine have been used as adjunctive therapies in the treatment of partial seizures.

ARRY-502 is a CRTH2 antagonist. Regulation of cytokine activity is important in molecularly targeted therapies for asthma.