Rhosin is an effective and specific RhoA subfamily Rho GTPases inhibitor, which specifically binds to RhoA to inhibit RhoA-GEF interaction (Kd: ~ 0.4 uM). Rhosin does not interact with Cdc42 or Rac1, nor the GEF, LARG. Rhosin causes cell apoptosis.
The phospholipases are an extensive family of lipid hydrolases that function in cell signaling, digestion, membrane remodeling, and as venom components. The calcium-independent phospholipases (iPLA2) are a PLA2 subfamily closely associated with the release of arachidonic acid in response to physiologic stimuli. (R)-Bromoenol lactone ((R)-BEL) is an irreversible, chiral, mechanism-based inhibitor of calcium-independent phospholipase γ (iPLA2γ). Unlike (S)-BEL, (R)-BEL does not inhibit iPLA2β except at high doses of 20-30 μM. (R)-BEL inhibits human recombinant iPLA2γ with an IC50 of approximately 0.6 μM.
PDDHV is a resiniferatoxin-type phorboid vanilloid with capsaicin-like selectivity for the cloned rat transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), formerly known as vanilloid receptor 1. It induces Ca2+-uptake by rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with an EC50 value of 70 nM.
2-Methylhexacosane is a saturated hydrocarbon and an insect pheromone.1,2It has been found in the cuticle ofM. dasystomusfemales, but not males, where it contributes to the mating behavior of males, as well as inD. melanogasterfemales where it modulates aggression of males towards females. 2-methylhexacosane has also been found in yellow jacket (V. vulgaris) trail extracts.3 1.Spikes, A.E., Pashen, M.A., Millar, J.G., et al.First contact pheromone identified for a longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the subfamily PrioninaeJ. Chem. Ecol.36(9)943-954(2010) 2.Fernández, d.l.P., Chan, Y.-B., Yew, J.Y., et al.Pheromonal and behavioral cues trigger male-to-female aggression in DrosophilaPLoS Biol.8(11)e1000541(2010) 3.Steinmetz, I., Schmolz, E., and Ruther, J.Cuticular lipids as trail pheromone in a social waspProc. Biol. Sci.270(1513)385-391(2003)