Gramicidin A 是一种从从 B. brevis 分离出来的多肽类抗生素。Gramicidin A 是一种高度疏水的通道形成离子载体,在人工膜中形成一价阳离子可渗透的通道。Gramicidin A 诱导缺氧诱导因子 1α (HIF-1α) 的降解,并能降低人肾细胞癌小鼠异种移植模型的生长。Gramicidin A 具有抗菌、抗疟活性以及溶血活性。
C16 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from C16 lactosylceramide . C16 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease. C16 globotriaosylceramide is also upregulated in plasma of patients with ovarian carcinoma compared to those with benign ovarian tumors or uterine fibroids.
HIF-1 2α-IN-1, an orally active compound, functions as an inhibitor of HIF-2α. Its inhibitory effect on HIF-2α activity is significant, with an IC 50 value of 0.92 μM. Furthermore, HIF-1 2α-IN-1 has the ability to decrease HIF-1α levels. This compound is particularly valuable for research on clear cellrenalcellcarcinoma (ccRCC) [1].